VM Options Explorer - GraalVM native-image EE JDK19


NameTypeDefaultAvailabilityDescription
TypeAvailability
AOTAggregateProfilesboolfalseHosted
Use a different policy for approximating the incomplete profiling information.
AOTExpansionCountint3Hosted
Minimum number of contexts to use for expansion. Increasing this will determine that more code is hot, which may improve 
performance and increase image size.
AOTInlinebooltrueHosted
Deprecated.
AOTInlinerHotContextsRatiodouble0.05Hosted
The minimal percentage of the total time that has to be spent in a method invoked from a calling-context to consider 
them as hot.
AOTInlinerMinimumHotContextsint10Hosted
Minimum number of hot contexts to use in the initial expansion. 
AOTInlinerPrintHotboolfalseHosted
Whether to print the hot compilation units.
AOTInlinerboolfalseHosted
Use expansion inlining during AOT compilation.
AOTPriorityInlinebooltrueHosted
Enable use of priority inlining during AOT compilation.
AOTTrivialInlinebooltrueHosted
Perform trivial method inlining in the AOT compiled native image.
APIFunctionPrefixString"graal_"Hosted
Prefix that is added to the names of API functions. 
ASMInstructionProfilingStringNoneRuntime
Enables instruction profiling on assembler level. Valid values are a comma separated list of supported instructions. 
Compare with subclasses of Assembler.InstructionCounter.
AbortOnBenchmarkCounterOverflowboolfalseRuntime
Abort VM with SIGILL if benchmark counters controlled by the (Generic|Timed|Benchmark)DynamicCounters.
ActiveProcessorCountint-1Runtime
Overwrites the available number of processors provided by the OS. Any value <= 0 means using the processor count from 
the OS.
AddAllCharsetsboolfalseHosted
Make all hosted charsets available at run time.
AddAllFileSystemProvidersbooltrueHosted
Make all supported providers returned by FileSystemProvider.installedProviders() available at run time.
AddExportsString*Hosted
Value /=(,)* updates  to export  to , 
regardless of module declaration.  can be ALL-UNNAMED to export to all unnamed modules.
AddOpensString*Hosted
Value /=(,)* updates  to open  to , 
regardless of module declaration.
AddReadsString*Hosted
Value =(,)* updates  to read , regardless of module 
declaration.  can be ALL-UNNAMED to read all unnamed modules.
AdditionalSecurityProvidersString*Hosted
Comma-separated list of additional security provider fully qualified class names to mark as used.Note that this option 
is only necessary if you use custom engine classes not available in JCA that are not JCA compliant.
AdditionalSecurityServiceTypesString*Hosted
Comma-separated list of additional security service types (fully qualified class names) for automatic registration. Note 
that these must be JCA compliant.
AggregatedMetricsFileStringNoneRuntime
File to which aggregated metrics are dumped at shutdown. A CSV format is used if the file ends with .csv otherwise a 
more human readable format is used. If not specified, metrics are dumped to the console.
AliasArrayTypeFlowsbooltrueRuntime
Model all array type flows using a unique elements type flow abstraction.
AlignedHeapChunkSizeint1048576Hosted
The size of an aligned chunk. Serial and epsilon GC only. 
AllocateInstancePrefetchLinesint1Hosted
Number of cache lines to load after the object address using prefetch instructions. 
AllocatePrefetchDistanceint192Hosted
Sets the size (in bytes) of the prefetch distance for object allocation. Memory about to be written with the value of 
new objects is prefetched up to this distance starting from the address of the last allocated object. Each Java thread
has its own allocation point.
AllocatePrefetchInstrint0Hosted
Sets the prefetch instruction to prefetch ahead of the allocation pointer. Possible values are from 0 to 3. The actual 
instructions behind the values depend on the platform.
AllocatePrefetchLinesint4Hosted
Number of cache lines to load after the array allocation using prefetch instructions. 
AllocatePrefetchStepSizeint64Hosted
Sets the step size (in bytes) for sequential prefetch instructions. 
AllocatePrefetchStyleint1Hosted
Generated code style for prefetch instructions: for 0 or less no prefetch instructions are generated and for 1 or more 
prefetch instructions are introduced after each allocation.
AllocationBeforePhysicalMemorySizeint1048576Hosted
Bytes that can be allocated before (re-)querying the physical memory size. Serial and epsilon GC only.
AllocationProfilingThresholdint1048576Runtime
The minimum size in bytes required for printing an allocation profiling entry. 
AllocationProfilingboolfalseHosted
Enable runtime profiling of allocation.
AllocationSiteSensitiveHeapboolfalseRuntime
A context sensitive heap means that each heap allocated object is modeled by using at least the allocation site.
AllowDeprecatedAutomaticFeaturebooltrueHosted
Allow using deprecated @AutomaticFeature annotation. If set to false, an error is shown instead of a warning.
AllowFoldMethodsboolfalseHosted
Allow MethodTypeFlow to see @Fold methods.
AllowIncompleteClasspathboolfalseHosted
Deprecated.
AllowJRTFileSystemboolfalseHosted
Enable support for reading Java modules (jimage format) and the jrt:// file system. Requires java.home to be set at 
runtime.
AllowVMInspectionboolfalseHosted
Enables features that allow the VM to be inspected during run time.
AllowVMInternalThreadsbooltrueHosted
Determines if VM internal threads (e.g., a dedicated VM operation or reference handling thread) are allowed in this 
image.
AlwaysInlineIntrinsicsboolfalseRuntime
Unconditionally inline intrinsics.
AlwaysInlineVTableStubsboolfalseRuntime
AlwaysPreTouchboolfalseRuntime
Force all freshly committed pages to be pre-touched. G1 GC only.
AnalysisContextSensitivityString"insens"Runtime
Controls the static analysis context sensitivity. Available values: insens (context insensitive analysis), allocsens 
(context insensitive analysis, context insensitive heap, allocation site sensitive heap), _1obj (1 object sensitive
analysis with a context insensitive heap), _2obj1h (2 object sensitive with a 1 context sensitive heap).
AnalysisSizeCutoffint8Runtime
The maximum size of type and method profiles returned by the static analysis. -1 indicates no limitation. 
AnalysisStatisticsFileStringNoneRuntime
Analysis results statistics file.
ArrayRegionEqualsConstantLimitint4096Runtime
Array region equality checks will be evaluated at compile time if the receiver is a constant and its length is smaller 
than this value.
AssertInitializationSpecifiedForAllClassesboolfalseHosted
Assert class initialization is specified for all classes.
AutomaticReferenceHandlingbooltrueRuntime
Determines if the reference handling is executed automatically or manually.
AuxiliaryEngineCacheboolfalseHosted
Enable the auxiliary engine cache features at runtime.
BaseTargetSpendingint120Runtime
The base target spending used to estimate the inlining threshold; the higher, the likelier it is to inline. 
BenchmarkCounterPrintingCutoffbooltrueRuntime
Use a cutoff to print only most significant counters.
BenchmarkCountersDumpDynamicbooltrueRuntime
Dump dynamic counters.
BenchmarkCountersDumpStaticboolfalseRuntime
Dump static counters.
BenchmarkCountersFileStringNoneRuntime
File to which benchmark counters are dumped. A CSV format is used if the file ends with .csv otherwise a more human 
readable format is used. The fields in the CSV format are: category, group, name, value.
BenchmarkDynamicCountersStringNone [Extra help available]Runtime
Turn on the benchmark counters. The format of this option is:.
BlindConstantsboolfalseRuntime
Blind constants in code with a random key.
BootstrapInitializeOnlyboolfalseRuntime
Do not compile anything on bootstrap but just initialize the compiler.
BootstrapTimeoutdouble15.0Runtime
Maximum time in minutes to spend bootstrapping (0 to disable this limit). 
BootstrapWatchDogCriticalRateRatiodouble0.25Runtime
Ratio of the maximum compilation rate below which the bootstrap compilation rate must not fall (0 or less disables 
monitoring).
BouncyCastleIntrinsicsbooltrueRuntime
Enable native intrinsics for BouncyCastle.
BreakChainedPhisbooltrueRuntime
Break chained phis.
BuildOutputBreakdownsbooltrueHosted
Show code and heap breakdowns as part of the build output.
BuildOutputColorfulbooltrueHosted
Colorize build output.
BuildOutputGCWarningsbooltrueHosted
Print GC warnings as part of build output.
BuildOutputJSONFile""Hosted
Print build output statistics as JSON to the specified file. The output is according to the JSON schema located at: 
docs/reference-manual/native-image/assets/build-output-schema-v0.9.0.json.
BuildOutputLinksbooltrueHosted
Show links in build output.
BuildOutputPrefixboolfalseHosted
Prefix build output with ':'.
BuildOutputProgressbooltrueHosted
Report progress in build output.
BuildOutputSilentboolfalseHosted
Silence build output.
CAPCacheDir""Hosted
Directory where information generated by the CAnnotation Processor are cached. 
CCompilerOptionString*Hosted
Provide custom C compiler option used for query code compilation. 
CCompilerPathStringNoneHosted
Provide custom path to C compiler used for query code compilation and linking.
CLibraryPathString*Hosted
Search path for C libraries passed to the linker (list of comma-separated directories). 
CPUFeaturesString*Hosted
Comma separated list of CPU features that will be enabled while building the target executable, irrespective of whether 
they are supported by the hosted environment. Note that enabling features not present within the target environment may
result in application crashes. The specific options available are target platform dependent. See --list-cpu-features
for feature list.
CStandardString"C89"Hosted
C standard to use in header files. Possible values are: [C89, C99, C11]. 
CallGraphCompilerNodeLimitint35000Runtime
Controls the maximum number of compiler nodes that can appear in the call graph. 
CallGraphSizeLimitint1200Runtime
Controls the maximum size of the call graph before ceasing inlining. 
CallGraphSizePenaltyCoefficientdouble0.001Runtime
Reduces the likelihood of exploring call graph subtrees that are large. 
CanOmitFramebooltrueRuntime
CanonicalGraphStringsCheckConstantsboolfalseRuntime
Exclude virtual nodes when dumping canonical text for graphs.
CanonicalGraphStringsExcludeVirtualsbooltrueRuntime
Exclude virtual nodes when dumping canonical text for graphs.
CanonicalGraphStringsRemoveIdentitiesbooltrueRuntime
Attempts to remove object identity hashes when dumping canonical text for graphs.
CheckRecurringCallbackOnNativeToJavaTransitionboolfalseHosted
Test whether a thread's recurring callback is pending on each transition from native code to Java.
CheckToolchainbooltrueHosted
Check if native-toolchain is known to work with native-image.
ClassInitializationString*Hosted
A comma-separated list of classes appended with their initialization strategy (':build_time', ':rerun', or ':run_time'). 
Class""Hosted
Class containing the default entry point method. Optional if --shared is used. 
ClearMetricsAfterBootstrapboolfalseRuntime
Clear the debug metrics after bootstrap.
CodeAlignmentint16Hosted
Alignment of AOT and JIT compiled code in bytes. 
CodeCacheCountersboolfalseHosted
Count accesses to the image and runtime code info table.
CodeInfoEncoderCountersboolfalseHosted
Statistics about code and deoptimization information.
CodeInfoIndexGranularityint256Hosted
The granularity of the index for looking up code metadata. Should be a power of 2. Larger values make the index smaller, 
but access slower.
CollectImageBuildStatisticsboolfalseRuntime
Collect information during image build about devirtualized invokes and bytecode exceptions.
CollectYoungGenerationSeparatelyboolfalseRuntime
Determines if a full GC collects the young generation separately or together with the old generation. Serial GC only. 
CompilationBailoutAsFailureboolfalseRuntime
Treat compilation bailouts like compilation failures.
CompilationCountLimitint0Runtime
The number of compilations allowed for any method before the VM exits (a value of 0 means there is no limit). 
CompilationExcludePhasesStringNoneRuntime
Exclude certain phases from compilation, either unconditionally or with a method filter. Multiple exclusions can be 
specified separated by ':'. Phase names are matched as substrings, e.g.:
CompilationExcludePhases=PartialEscape:Loop=A.*,B.foo excludes PartialEscapePhase from all compilations and any phase
containing 'Loop' in its name from compilations of all methods in class A and of method B.foo.
CompilationExpirationPeriodint300Runtime
Time limit in seconds before a compilation expires (0 to disable the limit). A non-zero value for this option is doubled 
if assertions are enabled and quadrupled if DetailedAsserts is true.
CompilationFailureActionStringSilentRuntime
Specifies the action to take when compilation fails. [Extra help available] 
CompilationIsolateAddressSpaceSizeint0Runtime
Size of the reserved address space of each compilation isolate (0: default for new isolates). 
CompilationWatchDogStartDelayint0Runtime
Delay in seconds before watch dog monitors a compilation (0 disables monitoring). 
CompilationWatchDogVMExitDelayint0Runtime
Number of seconds after which a compilation appearing to make no progress causes the VM to exit (0 disables VM exiting). 
CompileGraalWithC1OnlybooltrueRuntime
In tiered mode compile Graal and JVMCI using optimized first tier code.
CompileInIsolatesbooltrueRuntime
Activate runtime compilation in separate isolates (enable support during image build with option 
SupportCompileInIsolates).
CompileInPerThreadReusedIsolatesbooltrueRuntime
Create one reusable isolate per compilation thread as opposed to one isolate per compilation (enable through 
CompileInIsolates).
CompilerBackendString"lir"Hosted
Backend used by the compiler. 
CompilerConfigurationStringNoneRuntime
Names the compiler configuration to use. If omitted, the compiler configuration with the highest auto-selection priority 
is used. To see the set of available configurations, supply the value 'help' to this option.
CompilerNodePenaltyCoefficientdouble0.006Runtime
Controls the likelihood of exploring subtrees that already have a lot of code during inlining. 
ConcGCThreadsint0Runtime
Number of concurrent GC threads G1 will use. 
ConditionalEliminationMaxIterationsint4Runtime
ConditionalEliminationbooltrueRuntime
ConfigurationFileDirectoriesString*Hosted
Directories directly containing configuration files for dynamic features at runtime. 
ConfigurationResourceRootsString*Hosted
Resource path above configuration resources for dynamic features at runtime. 
ConfigureReflectionMetadatabooltrueHosted
Enable runtime instantiation of reflection objects for non-invoked methods.
ConsiderVectorizableLoopsbooltrueRuntime
Consider the vectorizability of loop during the duplication of a merge inside a loop.There are rare cases where 
duplication can destroy vectorization.
ConstantFoldSamplingCodeStartIdboolfalseRuntime
Use the option to avoid the initial value of the enterSamplingCodeMethodId constant folding. The value of this option 
must never be set to true in order to keep the correct information in the variable.
CostNewLiveVariableint4Runtime
PullThroughPhiOptimization: Abstract cost for the creation of a new live value: new values can have a negativeimpact on 
register allocation, therefore we penalize it.
CostReductionFactordouble32.0Runtime
PullThroughPhiOptimization: Cost/Benefit heuristic for EE floating node duplication: reduce cost by a constant factor 
when comparing with relative benefit.
CountWriteBarriersboolfalseHosted
Instrument write barriers with counters. Serial GC only.
CountStringNoneRuntime
Pattern for specifying scopes in which counters are enabled. See the Dump option for the pattern syntax. An empty value 
enables all counters unconditionally.
CountedStripMiningBudgetdouble0.1Runtime
Code size budget of the strip mining transformation in terms of NodeCostSize. 
CountedStripMiningInnerLoopTripsint4096Runtime
The max number of iterations the counted inner loop takes. 
CountedStripMiningLogCountersboolfalseRuntime
Print counter phi values on each outer and inner loop iteration.
CountedStripMiningMinFrequencyint4Runtime
Minimal frequency to consider a loop for strip mining. 
CountedStripMiningNodeSizeSmallGraphsint2000Runtime
Code size in NodeSize defining when code size heuristics starts capping strip mining.
CountersStringNoneRuntime
Comma separated names of counters that are enabled irrespective of the value for Count option. An empty value enables 
all counters unconditionally.
CrashAtStringNoneRuntime
Pattern for method(s) that will trigger an exception when compiled. This option exists to test handling compilation 
crashes gracefully. See the MethodFilter option for the pattern syntax. A ':Bailout' suffix will raise a bailout
exception and a ':PermanentBailout' suffix will raise a permanent bailout exception.
CutoffCodeSizePenaltyCoefficientString1.0E-5Runtime
Controls the likelihood of further exploring subtrees with a lot of code during inlining. 
DashboardAllboolfalseHosted
In the dashboard dump, include all available information about the native image (this takes precedence over more 
specific flags).
DashboardBgvbooltrueHosted
Set dashboard to use BGV format for dump.
DashboardCodeboolfalseHosted
In the dashboard dump, include the breakdown of the code size across different packages.
DashboardDumpStringNoneHosted
Enable dashboard dumps to the specified file.
DashboardHeapboolfalseHosted
In the dashboard dump, include the breakdown of the object sizes in the heap across different classes.
DashboardJsonboolfalseHosted
Set dashboard to use JSON format for dump.
DashboardPointsToboolfalseHosted
In the dashboard dump, include the information about the points-to analysis.
DashboardPrettyboolfalseHosted
Set dashboard to use pretty print in JSON format.
DeadlockWatchdogExitOnTimeoutbooltrueHosted
Exit the image builder VM after printing call stacks.
DeadlockWatchdogIntervalint10Hosted
The interval in minutes between watchdog checks (0 disables the watchdog). 
DebugInfoSourceCacheRootString"sources"Hosted
Directory under which to create source file cache for Application or GraalVM classes. 
DebugInfoSourceSearchPathString*Hosted
Search path for source files for Application or GraalVM classes (list of comma-separated directories or jar files). 
DebugPeelingSynonymsboolfalseRuntime
Debug simulation synonyms during simulation-based loop peeling.
DebugStubsAndSnippetsboolfalseRuntime
Enable debug output for stub code generation and snippet preparation.
Debugint0Hosted
Control debug information output: 0 - no debuginfo, 1 - AOT code debuginfo, 2 - AOT and runtime code debuginfo. 
DefaultCharsetString"UTF-8"Hosted
Default charset of the image, by the default it is the same as the default charset of the image builder. 
DefaultLocaleString"en-GB"Hosted
Default locale of the image, by the default it is the same as the default locale of the image builder. 
DefaultLoopFrequencydouble100.0Runtime
Default frequency for loops with unknown local frequency. 
DefaultUnswitchFactordouble0.7Runtime
Default unswitching factor for control split node with unkown profile data. 
DeleteLocalSymbolsbooltrueHosted
Use linker option to remove all local symbols from image.
DeoptALotboolfalseRuntime
DeoptAfterOSRbooltrueRuntime
Deoptimize OSR compiled code when the OSR entry loop is finished if there is no mature profile available for the rest of 
the method.
DeoptimizeAllboolfalseHosted
Compiles all methods as deoptimization targets for testing.
DeoptsToDisableOptimisticOptimizationint40Runtime
DetailedAssertsboolfalseRuntime
Enable expensive assertions if normal assertions (i.e. -ea or -esa) are enabled.
DetectInvertedLoopsAsCountedbooltrueRuntime
DetectUserDirectoriesInImageHeapboolfalseHosted
When set to true, the image generator verifies that the image heap does not contain a home directory as a substring.
DiagnoseDumpLevelint3Runtime
Specify the dump level if CompilationFailureAction#Diagnose is used.See CompilationFailureAction for details. 
file:doc-files/CompilationFailureActionHelp.txt.
DiagnosticDetails""Runtime
Specifies how many details are printed for certain diagnostic thunks, e.g.: 'DumpThreads:1,DumpRegisters:2'. A value of 
1 will result in the maximum amount of information, higher values will print less information. By default, the most
detailed output is enabled for all diagnostic thunks. Wildcards (*) are supported in the name of the diagnostic thunk.
DiagnosticsDirString"reports/diagnostics_20230417_065441"Hosted
Sets the dir where diagnostic information is dumped.
DiagnosticsModeboolfalseHosted
Enables the diagnostic mode.
DisableExplicitGCboolfalseRuntime
Ignore calls to System.gc().
DisableInterceptboolfalseRuntime
Disable intercepting exceptions in debug scopes.
DisableIntrinsicsStringNoneRuntime
Disable intrinsics matching the given method filter (see MethodFilter option for details). For example, 
'DisableIntrinsics=String.equals' disables intrinsics for any method named 'equals' in a class whose simple name is
'String'. You can append ':verbose' at the end of the filter value to print out disabled intrinsics as they are
encountered during compilation (e.g., 'String.equals:verbose').
DisableTypeIdResultVerificationbooltrueHosted
For internal purposes only. Disables type id result verification even when running with assertions enabled.
DisableURLProtocolsString*Hosted
List of comma separated URL protocols that must never be included. 
DivertParameterReturningMethodbooltrueRuntime
Analysis: Detect methods that return one of their parameters and hardwire the parameter straight to the return.
DominatorUsageTreeMaxDepthint16Runtime
DumpAfterEveryBCIboolfalseRuntime
Dump the current graph after every bci to IGV.
DumpDetailedNodeTypeStatsboolfalseRuntime
Gather statistics on local variables and their lifetimes relative to FrameStates.
DumpEndVersusExitLoopFrequenciesboolfalseRuntime
Debug flag to dump loop frequency differences computed based on loop end or exit nodes.If the frequencies diverge a lot, 
this may indicate missing profiles on control flowinside the loop body.
DumpHeapAndExitboolfalseRuntime
Create a heap dump and exit.
DumpHeapString*Hosted
Dump the heap at a specific time during image building.The option accepts a list of comma separated phases, any of: 
during-analysis, after-analysis, before-compilation.
DumpMethodsDataboolfalseRuntime
Dump a JSON array containing all methods included in the image and exit.
DumpOnErrorboolfalseRuntime
Send compiler IR to dump handlers on error.
DumpOnPhaseChangeStringNoneRuntime
Dump a before and after graph if the named phase changes the graph.%nThe argument is substring matched against the 
simple name of the phase class.
DumpOutlinedSBGraphsboolfalseHosted
Dump all graphs for outlined String, StringBuilder, and StringBuffer aggregations.
DumpPathString"graal_dumps"Runtime
The directory where various Graal dump files are written. 
DumpRuntimeCompilationOnSignalboolfalseHosted
Dumps all runtime compiled methods on SIGUSR2.
DumpSketchesboolfalseHosted
Visualize the code marked as hot using sketches.
DumpTargetInfoboolfalseHosted
Show native-toolchain information and image-build settings.
DumpThreadStacksOnSignalboolfalseHosted
Dumps all thread stacktraces on SIGQUIT/SIGBREAK.
DumpStringNone [Extra help available]Runtime
Filter pattern for specifying scopes in which dumping is enabled.
DumpingErrorsAreFatalboolfalseRuntime
Treat any exceptions during dumping as fatal.
DuplicateALotboolfalseRuntime
Perform Duplications as long as there is any sane improvement.
DuplicationBudgetFactorLatedouble0.5Runtime
Percentage in node cost graph size for the late duplication budget. Computed relative to the methods code size. 
DuplicationBudgetFactordouble0.25Runtime
Percentage in node cost graph size for the duplication budget. Computed relative to the methods code size. 
DuplicationCostReductionFactorint64Runtime
Cost/Benefit heuristic for EE simulation-based code duplication: reduce cost by a constant factor when comparing with 
relative benefit.
DuplicationMinBranchFrequencydouble0.66Runtime
Ignore low frequency branches during duplication. 
DynamicCountersPrintGroupSeparatorbooltrueRuntime
Use grouping separators for number printing.
DynamicProxyConfigurationFilesString*Hosted
One or several (comma-separated) paths to JSON files that specify lists of interfaces that define Java proxy classes. 
[Extra help available]
DynamicProxyConfigurationResourcesString*Hosted
Resources describing program elements to be made available for reflection (see ProxyConfigurationFiles).
DynamicProxyTracingboolfalseHosted
Enable trace logging for dynamic proxy.
EEPeelAlotboolfalseRuntime
EagerSnippetsboolfalseRuntime
Eagerly construct extra snippet info.
EarlyCodeEmissionOrderboolfalseRuntime
Enable early code emission order computation instead of late code emission order computation.
EarlyGVNbooltrueRuntime
Perform early global value numbering.
EarlyLICMbooltrueRuntime
Perform early loop invariant code motion.
EmitStringSubstitutionsbooltrueRuntime
Emit substitutions for String methods.
EnableAllSecurityServicesboolfalseHosted
Add all security service classes to the generated image.
EnableLoggingFeaturebooltrueHosted
Enable the feature that provides support for logging.
EnableMonitoringFeaturesString*Hosted
Enable monitoring features that allow the VM to be inspected at run time. Comma-separated list can contain 'heapdump', 
'jfr', 'jvmstat', or 'all' (defaults to 'all' if no argument is provided). For example:
`--enable-monitoring=heapdump,jvmstat`.
EnableSecurityServicesFeaturebooltrueHosted
Enable automatic registration of security services.
EnableSignalAPIbooltrueHosted
Enables the signal API (sun.misc.Signal or jdk.internal.misc.Signal). Defaults to false for shared library and true for 
executables.
EnableSignalHandlingbooltrueRuntime
Enables signal handling. 
EnableURLProtocolsString*Hosted
List of comma separated URL protocols to enable. 
EnableWildcardExpansionbooltrueHosted
Enable wildcard expansion in command line arguments on Windows.
EnforceMaxRuntimeCompileMethodsboolfalseHosted
Enforce checking of maximum number of methods allowed for runtime compilation. Useful for checking in the gate that the 
number of methods does not go up without a good reason.
EnterpriseCloneReadEliminationbooltrueRuntime
Try to eliminate array clone operations by handling clone operations in early read elimination.
EnterpriseEAIterationsint3Runtime
Enterprise PEA Iterations. 
EnterpriseEarlyGVNbooltrueRuntime
Perform an extended version of early global value numbering on a graph.Considers only graphs without floating guards.
EnterpriseEarlyInversionGVNbooltrueRuntime
Enterprise Loop Inversion for GVN.
EnterpriseEarlyReadEliminationbooltrueRuntime
Run more read eliminations early in the compilation pipeline.
EnterprisePartialUnrollbooltrueRuntime
Enable EE version of partial loop unrolling that considers more loop shapes for unrolling.
EnterpriseRCELogRangeCheckValuesboolfalseRuntime
Log all range check sub values to stdout.
EnterpriseRangeCheckEliminationbooltrueRuntime
Perform range check elimination for java long type range checks.
EntryPointNamePrefix""Hosted
Prefix that is added to the names of entry point methods. 
ErgoHeapSizeLimitint0Runtime
Maximum ergonomically set heap size (in bytes); zero means use MaxRAM * MaxRAMPercentage / 100. G1 GC only. 
EscapeAnalysisIterationsint2Runtime
EscapeAnalysisLoopCutoffint20Runtime
EscapeAnalyzeOnlyStringNoneRuntime
ExactFullUnrollMaxNodesint800Runtime
ExactPartialUnrollMaxNodesint200Runtime
ExcludeFunctionFromDuplicationStringNoneRuntime
Exclude compilations that MethodFilter.match this string from the duplication optimization.
ExcludeResourcesString*Hosted
Regexp to match names of resources to be excluded from the image. 
ExhaustiveHeapScanboolfalseRuntime
Scan all objects reachable from roots for analysis. By default false.
ExitAfterAnalysisboolfalseHosted
Exit after analysis.
ExitAfterCAPCacheboolfalseHosted
Exit image generation after C Annotation Processor Cache creation.
ExitAfterQueryCodeGenerationboolfalseHosted
Output query code for target platform without executing it.
ExitAfterRelocatableImageWriteboolfalseHosted
Exit after writing relocatable file.
ExitOnOutOfMemoryErrorboolfalseRuntime
Exit on the first occurrence of an out-of-memory error that is thrown because the Java heap is out of memory.
ExitOnUnknownClassLoadingFailureboolfalseHosted
Enable termination caused by missing metadata.
ExitVMOnExceptionboolfalseRuntime
Alias for CompilationFailureAction=ExitVM.
ExpandAllProximityBonusInertiadouble2.0Runtime
The inertia at which the expand-all proximity bonus decreases with the number of yet unexpanded nodes. 
ExpandAllProximityBonusdouble6.0Runtime
The decrease in call graph expansion pressure when there are few call nodes left to explore. 
ExpansionInertiaBaseValueint550Runtime
The slowness at which the expansion pressure grows with code size; the higher it is, the slower the pressure growth. 
ExpansionInertiaInvokeBonusint14Runtime
The extra slowness at which the expansion pressure grows with the code size, for each extra invoke node. 
ExpansionInertiaMaxint2000Runtime
The max slowness at which the expansion pressure grows with the code size. 
ExpectedEdenSizeint33554432Hosted
Soft upper limit for used eden size. The hinted GC will be performed if the used eden size exceeds this value. 
ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrentboolfalseRuntime
A System.gc() request invokes a concurrent collection. G1 GC only.
ExtendedAssertsboolfalseRuntime
Enable extended asserts which slow down analysis.
FailedLoopExplosionIsFatalboolfalseRuntime
Do not bail out but throw an exception on failed loop explosion.
FallbackExecutorClasspathStringNoneHosted
Internal option used to specify Classpath for FallbackExecutor.
FallbackExecutorJavaArgString*Hosted
Internal option used to specify java arguments for FallbackExecutor. 
FallbackExecutorMainClassStringNoneHosted
Internal option used to specify MainClass for FallbackExecutor.
FallbackExecutorRuntimeJavaArgString*Runtime
Internal option used to specify runtime java arguments for FallbackExecutor. 
FallbackExecutorSystemPropertyString*Hosted
Internal option used to specify system properties for FallbackExecutor. 
FallbackThresholdint5Hosted
Define when fallback-image generation should be used. 
FeaturesString*Hosted
A comma-separated list of fully qualified Feature implementation classes. 
FlightRecorderLoggingString"all=warning"Runtime
Usage: -XX:FlightRecorderLogging=[tag1[+tag2...][*][=level][,...]]. [Extra help available] 
FlightRecorderboolfalseRuntime
Enable Java Flight Recorder.
FloatingDivNodesbooltrueRuntime
Try to float non-constant division operations to expose global value numbering of divisions.
FoldSecurityManagerGetterbooltrueHosted
Fold SecurityManager getter.
ForceAdversarialLayoutboolfalseRuntime
Place N-byte constants in the data section such that they are misaligned with respect to N*2. For example, place 4 byte 
constants at offset 4, 12 or 20, etc. This layout is used to detect instructions that load constants with alignment
smaller than the fetch size. For instance, an XORPS instruction that does a 16-byte fetch of a 4-byte float not aligned
to 16 bytes will cause a segfault.
ForceDumpGraphsBeforeCompilationboolfalseRuntime
Force-dump graphs before compilation.
ForceExplicitReachabilityFenceboolfalseRuntime
Force an explicit compiler node for Reference.reachabilityFence, instead of relying on FrameState liveness.
ForceGuardHoistingLoopDuplicationWithoutPGOboolfalseRuntime
Consider methods for guard hoisting loop duplication even if not using PGO.
ForceNoROSectionRelocationsboolfalseHosted
Use only a writable native image heap (requires ld.gold linker).
ForceUnrollboolfalseRuntime
Force partial unrolling of loops if at all possible.
FrameStateLivenessStatisticsboolfalseRuntime
Gather statistics on local variables and their lifetimes relative to FrameStates.
FullUnrollAsPEACleanupbooltrueRuntime
Perform full unrolling as a Partial Escape Analysis Cleanup.
FullUnrollCodeSizeBudgetFactorForLargeGraphsdouble2.0Runtime
Maximum factor by which full unrolling can increase code size for large graphs. The FullUnrollSmallGraphThreshold option
determines which graphs are small.
FullUnrollCodeSizeBudgetFactorForSmallGraphsdouble10.0Runtime
Maximum factor by which full unrolling can increase code size for small graphs. The FullUnrollSmallGraphThreshold option
determines which graphs are small.
FullUnrollConstantCompareBoostint15Runtime
FullUnrollMaxApplicationint60Runtime
FullUnrollMaxIterationsint600Runtime
FullUnrollMaxNodesint400Runtime
FullUnrollSmallGraphThresholdint1000Runtime
The threshold in terms of NodeSize for a graph to be considered small for the purpose of full unrolling. Applied in 
conjunction with the FullUnrollCodeSizeBudgetFactorForSmallGraphs and FullUnrollCodeSizeBudgetFactorForLargeGraphs
options.
FullUnrollbooltrueRuntime
G1ConcMarkStepDurationMillisdouble10.0Runtime
Target duration of individual concurrent marking steps in milliseconds. 
G1ConcRSHotCardLimitint4Runtime
The threshold that defines (>=) a hot card. 
G1ConcRSLogCacheSizeint10Runtime
Log base 2 of the length of conc RS hot-card cache. 
G1ConcRefinementGreenZoneint0Runtime
The number of update buffers that are left in the queue by the concurrent processing threads. Will be selected 
ergonomically by default.
G1ConcRefinementRedZoneint0Runtime
Maximum number of enqueued update buffers before mutator threads start processing new ones instead of enqueueing them. 
Will be selected ergonomically by default.
G1ConcRefinementServiceIntervalMillisint300Runtime
The last concurrent refinement thread wakes up every specified number of milliseconds to do miscellaneous work. 
G1ConcRefinementThreadsint0Runtime
The number of parallel remembered set update threads. Will be set ergonomically by default. 
G1ConcRefinementThresholdStepint2Runtime
Each time the remembered set update queue increases by this amount activate the next refinement thread if available. The 
actual step size will be selected ergonomically by default, with this value used to determine a lower bound.
G1ConcRefinementYellowZoneint0Runtime
Number of enqueued update buffers that will trigger concurrent processing. Will be selected ergonomically by default. 
G1ConfidencePercentint50Runtime
Confidence level for MMU/pause predictions. 
G1DebugLevelString"product"Hosted
Specifies the debug level of the linked G1 GC [product, fastdebug, or debug]. 
G1HeapRegionSizeint1048576Hosted
Size of the G1 regions in bytes. Supported values are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, or 512M. 
G1HeapWastePercentint5Runtime
Amount of space, expressed as a percentage of the heap size, that G1 is willing not to collect to avoid expensive GCs. 
G1MixedGCCountTargetint8Runtime
The target number of mixed GCs after a marking cycle. 
G1PeriodicGCIntervalint0Runtime
Number of milliseconds after a previous GC to wait before triggering a periodic gc. A value of zero disables 
periodically enforced gc cycles.
G1PeriodicGCInvokesConcurrentbooltrueRuntime
Determines the kind of periodic GC. Set to true to have G1 perform a concurrent GC as periodic GC, otherwise use a STW 
Full GC.
G1PeriodicGCSystemLoadThresholddouble0.0Runtime
Maximum recent system wide load as returned by the 1m value of getloadavg() at which G1 triggers a periodic GC. A load 
above this value cancels a given periodic GC. A value of zero disables this check.
G1RSetUpdatingPauseTimePercentint10Runtime
A target percentage of time that is allowed to be spend on processing remembered set update buffers during the 
collection pause.
G1RefProcDrainIntervalint1000Runtime
The number of discovered reference objects to process before draining concurrent marking work queues. 
G1ReservePercentint10Runtime
It determines the minimum reserve we should have in the heap to minimize the probability of promotion failure. 
G1SATBBufferEnqueueingThresholdPercentint60Runtime
Before enqueueing them, each mutator thread tries to do some filtering on the SATB buffers it generates. If 
post-filtering the percentage of retained entries is over this threshold the buffer will be enqueued for processing. A
value of 0 specifies that mutator threads should not do such filtering.
G1SATBBufferSizeint1024Runtime
Number of entries in an SATB log buffer. 
G1UpdateBufferSizeint256Runtime
Size of an update buffer. 
G1UseAdaptiveConcRefinementbooltrueRuntime
Select green, yellow and red zones adaptively to meet the the pause requirements.
G1UseAdaptiveIHOPbooltrueRuntime
Adaptively adjust the initiating heap occupancy from the initial value of InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent. The policy 
attempts to start marking in time based on application behavior.
G1VerifyHeapRegionCodeRootsboolfalseRuntime
Verify the code root lists attached to each heap region.
G1VerifyRSetsDuringFullGCboolfalseRuntime
If true, perform verification of each heap region's remembered set when verifying the heap during a full GC.
GCCardSizeInBytesint512Hosted
Card table entry size (in bytes) for the G1 GC. 
GCDebugStartCycleint-1Runtime
Start tracing compiled GC barriers after N garbage collections (disabled if N <= 0). 
GCDrainStackTargetSizeint64Runtime
Number of entries we will try to leave on the stack during gc. G1 GC only. 
GCPauseIntervalMillisint201Runtime
Time slice for MMU specification. G1 GC only. 
GCTimeRatioint12Runtime
Adaptive size policy application time to GC time ratio. G1 GC only. 
GatherSafepointStatisticsboolfalseHosted
Gather statistics about each safepoint.
GenLoopSafepointsbooltrueRuntime
GenerateDebugInfoint0Hosted
Insert debug info into the generated native image or library. 
GenerateRuntimeDebugInfoboolfalseRuntime
Generate debuginfo for runtime-compiled code.
GenericDynamicCountersboolfalseRuntime
Turn on the benchmark counters, and displays the results on VM shutdown.
GraalArithmeticStubsbooltrueRuntime
Use Graal arithmetic stubs instead of HotSpot stubs where possible.
GraalCompileOnlyStringNoneRuntime
A filter applied to a method the VM has selected for compilation by Graal. A method not matching the filter is 
redirected to a lower tier compiler. The filter format is the same as for the MethodFilter option.
GraphCompressionThresholdint70Runtime
Graal graph compression is performed when percent of live nodes falls below this value. 
GreyToBlackObjRefDemographicsboolfalseHosted
Develop demographics of the object references visited. Serial GC only.
GuardHoistingLoopDuplicationMaxSizeint64Runtime
Duplicate only loops up to this estimated size. 
GuardHoistingLoopDuplicationMinFrequencyint32Runtime
Duplicate only loops with at least this frequency.
GuardHoistingLoopDuplicationMinHotnessint1Runtime
Duplicate only loops in methods executed at least this number of times. 
GuardHoistingLoopDuplicationbooltrueRuntime
Duplicate certain loops and eliminate their guards.
GuardPrioritiesbooltrueRuntime
HeapChunkHeaderPaddingint0Hosted
Number of bytes at the beginning of each heap chunk that are not used for payload data, i.e., can be freely used as 
metadata by the heap chunk provider. Serial and epsilon GC only.
HeapSizePerGCThreadint44040192Runtime
Size of heap (bytes) per GC thread used in calculating the number of GC threads. G1 GC only. 
HeapVerifierVerbosityint0Runtime
Control heap verifier verbosity level: 0 - quiet, 1 - info, 2 - warning, 3 - all. 
HighTierInversionboolfalseRuntime
HighTierPartialUnrollingbooltrueRuntime
Enable EE partial unrolling in high tier.
HotCompilationBaseTargetSpendingint300Hosted
BaseTargetSpending value for the hot compilations. 
HotCompilationCompilerNodePenaltyCoefficientdouble0.0Hosted
CompilerNodePenaltyCoefficient value for the hot compilations.
HotCompilationCutoffCodeSizePenaltyCoefficientdouble0.0Hosted
CutoffCodeSizePenaltyCoefficient value for the hot compilations.
HotCompilationExpansionInertiaBaseValueint550Hosted
ExpansionInertiaBaseValue value for the hot compilations.
HotCompilationLargeChildrenCountPenaltyCoefficientdouble0.0Hosted
LargeChildrenCountPenaltyCoefficient value for the hot compilations.
HotCompilationMaxPolymorphicDispatchesint3Hosted
MaxPolymorphicDispatches value for the hot compilations. 
HotCompilationMinPolymorphicDispatchProbabilitydouble0.09Hosted
MinPolymorphicDispatchProbability value for the hot compilations.
HotCompilationRelativeBenefitInliningCoefficientString2.0E-4Hosted
RelativeBenefitInliningCoefficient value for the hot compilations.
HotCompilationSmallRootIrPenaltyCoefficientdouble0.0Hosted
SmallRootIrPenaltyCoefficient value for the hot compilations.
HotCompilationTypicalGraphSizeInvokeBonusint20Hosted
TypicalGraphSizeInvokeBonus value for the hot compilations.
HotCompilationTypicalGraphSizeint8000Hosted
TypicalGraphSize value for the hot compilations. 
HotCompilationUnitboolfalseRuntime
Indicates whether a compilation unit is frequently invoked.
HotSpotDeoptExplicitExceptionsboolfalseRuntime
Testing only option that forces deopts for exception throws.
HotSpotPostOnExceptionsboolfalseRuntime
Testing only option that forces deopts for exception throws.
HotSpotPrintInliningboolfalseRuntime
Print inlining optimizations.
HottestPercentageThresholddouble0.125Runtime
The minimal percentage of the time spent in the method invoked from the specific calling-context compared to the total 
time spent.
HybridStaticContextboolfalseRuntime
Enable hybrid context for static methods, i.e. uses invocation site as context for static methods.
IPEACutoffMaterializationWeightdouble0.0Hosted
Weight of a materialization triggered by an Invoke corresponding to a CutoffNode in the CallTree for IPEA. 
IPEAFrequencyint3Hosted
Indicates how often to run IPEA analysis. 
IPEAMaterializationBoostConstantint12Hosted
Boost for Parent Nodes based on reduction of materializations. 
IPEAMaxForceint2Hosted
Indicates how often to force IPEA analysis when otherwise inlining would not continue. 
IPEAStatisticsHistogramBucketsint12Hosted
Track IPEA statistics in substratePriorityInliner. 
IPEAVirtualEscapeBoostSingleint12Hosted
Boost for CutoffNode for single escaping object. 
IgnoreBadDuplicationsbooltrueRuntime
Ignore duplications with a bad benefit cost relation.
IgnoreDeoptUsagesbooltrueRuntime
ImageBuildStatisticsFileStringNoneRuntime
File for printing image build statistics.
ImageHeapCardMarkingboolNoneHosted
Enables card marking for image heap objects, which arranges them in chunks. Automatically enabled when supported. Serial 
GC only.
ImageObjectTreeExpandRoots""Runtime
Override the default suppression of specified roots. See: Reports.md. 
ImageObjectTreeExpandTypes""Runtime
Override the default suppression of specified types. See: Reports.md. 
ImageObjectTreeSuppressRoots""Runtime
Suppress the expansion of specified roots. See: Reports.md. 
ImageObjectTreeSuppressTypes""Runtime
Suppress the expansion of specified types. See: Reports.md. 
ImageSymbolsPrefix""Hosted
Common prefix used by method symbols in image. 
IncludeAllLocalesboolfalseHosted
Make all hosted locales available at run time.
IncludeAllTimeZonesboolfalseHosted
When true, all time zones will be pre-initialized in the image.
IncludeDebugHelperMethodsboolfalseHosted
Determines if debugging-specific helper methods are embedded into the image. Those methods can be called directly from 
the debugger to obtain or print additional information.
IncludeLocalesString*Hosted
Comma separated list of locales to be included into the image. The default locale is included in the list automatically 
if not present.
IncludeMethodDatabooltrueHosted
Include a list of methods included in the image for runtime inspection.
IncludeNodeSourcePositionsboolfalseHosted
Track NodeSourcePositions during runtime-compilation.
IncludeResourceBundlesString*Hosted
Comma separated list of bundles to be included into the image. 
IncludeResourcesString*Hosted
Regexp to match names of resources to be included in the image. 
IncludeSBOMString"none"Hosted
Specify the format for a Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) to be included in the image for passive inspection. 
Currently, only cyclonedx is supported and the default.
IncludeTimeZones""Hosted
The time zones, in addition to the default zone of the host, that will be pre-initialized in the image. 
InfeasiblePathCorrelationWindowSizeint10Runtime
Limit of the number of dominating if nodes to consider in infeasible path correlation to avoid compile time explosion. 
InfeasiblePathCorrelationbooltrueRuntime
InitialCollectionPolicyString"Adaptive"Hosted
The garbage collection policy, either Adaptive (default) or BySpaceAndTime. Serial GC only. 
InitialHeapSizeint0Runtime
Initial heap size (in bytes); zero means use ergonomics. G1 GC only. 
InitialRAMPercentagedouble1.5625Runtime
Percentage of real memory used for initial heap size. G1 GC only. 
InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercentint45Runtime
The percent occupancy (IHOP) of the current old generation capacity above which a concurrent mark cycle will be 
initiated. Its value may change over time if adaptive IHOP is enabled, otherwise the value remains constant. In the
latter case a value of 0 will result as frequent as possible concurrent marking cycles. A value of 100 disables
concurrent marking. Fragmentation waste in the old generation is not considered free space in this calculation. G1 GC
only.
InjectedCompilationDelayint0Runtime
The number of seconds by which to slow down each compilation. The compilations slowed down can be restricted with 
MethodFilter. This option exists to test the compilation watchdog.
InlineAllBonusdouble1.0Runtime
The bonus applied to call nodes that can be fully inlined. 
InlineBeforeAnalysisAllowedDepthint20Hosted
Maximum number of invokes for method inlined before static analysis. 
InlineBeforeAnalysisAllowedInvokesint1Hosted
Maximum number of invokes for method inlined before static analysis. 
InlineBeforeAnalysisAllowedNodesint1Hosted
Maximum number of computation nodes for method inlined before static analysis. 
InlineBeforeAnalysisbooltrueRuntime
Inline methods before static analysis.
InlineDuringParsingMaxDepthint10Runtime
Maximum depth when inlining during bytecode parsing. 
InlineDuringParsingbooltrueRuntime
Inlines trivial methods during bytecode parsing.
InlineEverythingboolfalseRuntime
InlineGraalStubsboolfalseRuntime
Embed all the emitted code for Graal-generated stubs.
InlineMegamorphicCallsbooltrueRuntime
Inline calls with megamorphic type profile (i.e., not all types could be recorded).
InlineMonomorphicCallsbooltrueRuntime
Inline calls with monomorphic type profile.
InlinePartialIntrinsicExitDuringParsingbooltrueRuntime
Inlines partial intrinsic exits during bytecode parsing when possible. A partial intrinsic exit is a call within an 
intrinsic to the method being intrinsified and denotes semantics of the original method that the intrinsic does not
support.
InlinePolymorphicCallsbooltrueRuntime
Inline calls with polymorphic type profile.
InlineVTableStubsbooltrueRuntime
InlinebooltrueRuntime
Enable inlining.
InlinedCompilerNodeLimitint20000Runtime
Controls the maximum number of compiler nodes that can be inlined into the compiled method. 
InliningCoefficientdouble0.02Runtime
The coefficient used to compute the inlining threshold; the higher, the more to inline. 
InliningDepthErrorint1000Runtime
Maximum inlining depth during partial evaluation before reporting an infinite recursion. 
InsertPreMainPostOnlyboolfalseRuntime
Do not unroll the main loop, only create pre-main-post.
InspectGraphsboolfalseRuntime
Inspect analysis graphs.
InspectServerContentPathString"inspect"Runtime
Path to the contents of the Inspect web server. 
InstallExitHandlersboolfalseHosted
Provide java.lang.Terminator exit handlers.
InstallSegfaultHandlerbooltrueRuntime
Install segfault handler that prints register contents and full Java stacktrace.
InterceptBailoutboolfalseRuntime
Intercept also bailout exceptions.
InternalSymbolsAreGlobalboolfalseHosted
Compatibility option to make symbols used for the image heap global. Using global symbols is problematic for shared 
libraries because the loader implicitly changes the value when the symbol is already defined in the executable loading
the library. Setting this option to true preserves the broken behavior of old Native Image versions.
InternalThreadStackSizeint2097152Hosted
The size of each internal thread stack, in bytes. 
IntrinsifyStringFormatbooltrueHosted
Intrinsify String.format with constant format strings.
IntrinsifybooltrueRuntime
Use compiler intrinsifications.
InversionMinLocalFrequencydouble2.0Runtime
Minimal loop frequency for a loop to be considered for inversion. 
InversionMinRelativeFrequencydouble1.0Runtime
Minimal relative frequency for a loop to be considered for inversion. 
InvertMultiEndLoopsboolfalseRuntime
InvertNonLeafLoopsboolfalseRuntime
InvertVectorizableLoopsboolfalseRuntime
IsolatedLoopHeaderAlignmentint32Runtime
Alignment in bytes for loop header blocks that have no fall through paths. 
IterativePeelingLimitint2Runtime
Allow iterative peeling of loops up to this many times (each time the peeling phase runs). 
IterativePeelingOuterFrequencyBonusThresholddouble4.0Runtime
Allow iterative peeling of loops with an outer frequency bonus above this value.
JNIConfigurationFilesString*Hosted
Files describing program elements to be made accessible via JNI (for syntax, see ReflectionConfigurationFiles). 
JNIConfigurationResourcesString*Hosted
Resources describing program elements to be made accessible via JNI (see JNIConfigurationFiles). 
JNIExportSymbolsbooltrueHosted
Export Invocation API symbols.
JNIVerboseLookupErrorsboolfalseHosted
Report information about known JNI elements when lookup fails.
JNIbooltrueHosted
Enable Java Native Interface (JNI) support.
LIRDynMoveProfileMethodboolfalseRuntime
Enable dynamic move profiling per method.
LIRInstructionVerifierPathStringNoneRuntime
Path to jar file containing LIR instruction verifier.
LIROptConstantLoadOptimizationboolNoneRuntime
Enable constant load optimization. 
LIROptControlFlowOptimizerboolRuntime
LIROptEdgeMoveOptimizerboolRuntime
LIROptLSRAEliminateSpillMovesboolRuntime
Enable spill move elimination. 
LIROptLSRAOptimizeSpillPositionboolRuntime
Enable spill position optimization. 
LIROptLSStackSlotAllocatorboolRuntime
Use linear scan stack slot allocation. 
LIROptNullCheckOptimizerboolRuntime
LIROptRedundantMoveEliminationboolRuntime
LIROptStackMoveOptimizerboolRuntime
LIROptimizationbooltrueRuntime
Enable LIR level optimizations.
LIRProfileMethodsboolfalseRuntime
Enables profiling of methods.
LIRProfileMovesboolfalseRuntime
Enables profiling of move types on LIR level. Move types are for example stores (register to stack), constant loads 
(constant to register) or copies (register to register).
LSRAOptSplitOnlyboolfalseRuntime
LSRA optimization: Only split but do not reassign.
LSRAOptimizationboolfalseRuntime
Enable LSRA optimization.
LargeArrayThresholdint0Hosted
The size at or above which an array will be allocated in its own unaligned chunk. 0 implies (AlignedHeapChunkSize / 8). 
Serial and epsilon GC only.
LargeChildrenCountPenaltyCoefficientdouble0.005Runtime
Reduces the likelihood of exploring call graphs that have a lot of children below the root.
LimitInlinedInvokesdouble5.0Runtime
LimitObjectArrayLengthboolfalseRuntime
Enable a limit for the number of objects recorded for each type of a type state before disabling heap sensitivity for 
that type. The analysis must be heap sensitive.
LinkAtBuildTimePathsString*Hosted
Require all types in given class or module-path entries to be fully defined at image build-time. [Extra help available] 
LinkAtBuildTimeString*Hosted
Require types to be fully defined at image build-time. If used without args, all classes in scope of the option are 
required to be fully defined. [Extra help available]
LinkerRPathString*Hosted
Path passed to the linker as the -rpath (list of comma-separated directories). 
ListCPUFeaturesboolfalseHosted
Show CPU features specific to the target platform and exit.
ListMetricsboolfalseRuntime
Lists on the console at VM shutdown the metric names available to the Timers, Counters and MemUseTrackers options. Note 
that this only lists the metrics that were initialized during the VM execution and so will not include metrics for
compiler code that is not executed.
ListModulesboolfalseHosted
List observable modules and exit.
LoadExceptionObjectInVMboolfalseRuntime
Use a VM runtime call to load and clear the exception object from the thread at the start of a compiled exception 
handler.
LocalizationCompressBundlesString*Hosted
Regular expressions matching which bundles should be compressed. 
LocalizationCompressInParallelbooltrueHosted
Compress the bundles in parallel.
LocalizationOptimizedModeboolfalseHosted
Optimize the resource bundle lookup using a simple map.
LocalizationSubstituteLoadLookupbooltrueHosted
Store the resource bundle content more efficiently in the fallback mode.
LogFileStringNoneRuntime
File to which logging is sent. A %p in the name will be replaced with a string identifying the process, usually the 
process id and %t will be replaced by System.currentTimeMillis(). If the current runtime is in an isolate, then %i will
be replaced by '' otherwise %i is removed. An %I is the same as %i except that the replacement is '@'. Using %o as filename sends logging to System.out whereas %e sends logging to System.err.
LogVerboseboolfalseRuntime
Enable more verbose log output when available.
LogStringNoneRuntime
Pattern for specifying scopes in which logging is enabled. See the Dump option for the pattern syntax.
LoopBoundOptimizationPhasebooltrueRuntime
Try to improve counted loop detection by finding more precise loop bounds.
LoopExitVsLoopEndFrequencyDiffdouble1000.0Runtime
Scaling factor of frequency difference computed based on loop ends or exits. 
LoopHeaderAlignmentint16Runtime
Alignment in bytes for loop header blocks. 
LoopInversionbooltrueRuntime
LoopMaxUnswitchint3Runtime
LoopOnFatalErrorboolfalseRuntime
Execute an endless loop before printing diagnostics for a fatal error.
LoopPeelingbooltrueRuntime
LoopPredicationMainPathbooltrueRuntime
Restricts LoopPredication to only focus on array bounds checks that dominate the back edge of a loop.
LoopPredicationbooltrueRuntime
Hoists array bounds checks out of simple loops. This is ignored if SpeculativeGuardMovement is enabled.
LoopRotationAssertCountedAfterboolfalseRuntime
LoopRotationToxicNodeSetMaxNodecostint512Runtime
Maximum size in NodeSize of the code to be duplicated during rotation. 
LoopRotationbooltrueRuntime
Enable Loop Rotation to let the compiler detect more loops as counted.
LoopUnswitchFrequencyBoostdouble20.0Runtime
Number of nodes allowed for a loop unswitching per loop frequency. The number of nodes allowed for the unswitching is 
proportional to the relative frequency of the loop by this constant.
LoopUnswitchFrequencyMaxFactordouble0.95Runtime
Maximun value for the frequency factor of an invariant. 
LoopUnswitchFrequencyMinFactordouble0.05Runtime
Minimum value for the frequency factor of an invariant. 
LoopUnswitchMaxIncreaseint2000Runtime
Maximum loop unswitching code size increase in nodes. 
LoopUnswitchMinSplitFrequencydouble1.0Runtime
Lower bound for the minimun frequency of an invariant condition to be unswitched. 
LoopUnswitchTrivialint20Runtime
Number of nodes allowed for a loop unswitching regardless of the loop frequency. 
LoopUnswitchbooltrueRuntime
MarkStackSizeMaxint536870912Runtime
Maximum size of marking stack. G1 GC only. 
MarkStackSizeint4194304Runtime
Size of marking stack. G1 GC only. 
MatchExpressionsbooltrueRuntime
Allow backend to match complex expressions.
MaxCallingContextDepthint0Runtime
The maximum length of the methods context chains. 
MaxCallingContextWidthint0Runtime
The maximum number of contexts to record for a method. It only affects the analysis when the max and min calling context 
depth are different.
MaxCompilationProblemsPerActionint2Runtime
The maximum number of compilation failures to handle with the action specified by CompilationFailureAction before 
changing to a less verbose action. This does not apply to the ExitVM action.
MaxConstantObjectsPerTypeint100Runtime
The maximum number of constant objects recorded for each type before merging the constants into one unique constant 
object per type. The analysis must be heap sensitive. It has a minimum value of 1.
MaxCpuLocalsPerCounterint64Runtime
Upper bound on the number of cpu locals per counter. It has to be a power of 2. 
MaxDirectMemorySizeint0Runtime
Maximum total size of NIO direct-buffer allocations. 
MaxDuplicationFactordouble2.0Runtime
Max amount of extra effort to expend handling irreducible loops. A value <= 1 disables support for irreducible loops. 
MaxGCPauseMillisint200Runtime
Adaptive size policy maximum GC pause time goal in millisecond, or the maximum GC time per MMU time slice. G1 GC only. 
MaxGraphSizeNodeCostint100000Runtime
Maximum node cost graph size for duplication. If a graph is bigger duplication will stop. 
MaxHeapContextDepthint0Runtime
The maximum length of the context used to model a heap object in addition to the allocation site; used only when 
ContextSensitiveHeap is enabled.
MaxHeapContextWidthint0Runtime
The maximum number of contexts to record for a heap object. It only affects the analysis when the max and min calling 
context depth are different.
MaxHeapFreeint0Runtime
The maximum free bytes reserved for allocations, in bytes (0 for automatic according to GC policy). Serial GC only. 
MaxHeapSizeint0Runtime
The maximum heap size at run-time, in bytes. 
MaxInvokesInTrivialMethodint1Hosted
Maximum number of invokes in a method so that it is considered trivial (for testing only). 
MaxJavaStackTraceDepthint1024Runtime
The maximum number of lines in the stack trace for Java exceptions (0 means all). 
MaxMispredictionCostIncreaseFactordouble2.0Runtime
Abstract measure of the cost of branch misprediction. Higher values make generation of conditional moves more likely. 
MaxNewSizeint0Runtime
The maximum size of the young generation at run-time, in bytes. 
MaxNodesInTrivialLeafMethodint40Hosted
Maximum number of nodes in a method so that it is considered trivial, if it does not have any invokes. 
MaxNodesInTrivialMethodint20Hosted
Maximum number of nodes in a method so that it is considered trivial. 
MaxObjectSetSizeint100Runtime
The maximum number of objects recorded for each type of a type state before disabling heap sensitivity for that type. 
The analysis must be heap sensitive. It has a minimum value of 1.
MaxPolymorphicDispatchesint3Runtime
The maximum number of dispatches in guarded polymorphic inlining. 
MaxPriorityInliningPeelingIterationsint10Runtime
Max number of precise inlining peeling iterations. 
MaxRAMPercentagedouble25.0Runtime
Maximum percentage of real memory used for maximum heap size. G1 GC only. 
MaxRAMint137438953472Runtime
Real memory size (in bytes) used to set maximum heap size. G1 GC only. 
MaxReachableTypesint-1Hosted
Maximum number of types allowed in the image. Used for tests where small number of types is necessary. 
MaxRuntimeCompileMethodsString*Hosted
Maximum number of methods allowed for runtime compilation. 
MaxSimulationIterationsint2Runtime
Maximum simulation-duplication iterations of the duplication optimization per invocation. 
MaxSplitsPerNodeint32Runtime
MaxSurvivorSpacesStringNoneHosted
Maximum number of survivor spaces. Serial GC only.
MaxTemplatesPerSnippetint50Runtime
MaxTenuringThresholdint15Runtime
Maximum value for tenuring threshold. G1 GC only. 
MaxThinLockRecursionint20Hosted
Maximum recursive locking depth for thin locks. 
MaxUnrolledObjectZeroingStoresint8Hosted
Define the maximum number of stores for which the loop that zeroes out objects is unrolled. 
MaxValueNodesPartialEscapeSelectiveInliningint35000Runtime
Controls the maximum number of value nodes that can appear in the final graph.
MaxVectorAlignmentUnrollint4Runtime
Maximum number of unrolled alignment instructions. 
MaxVectorUnrollint16Runtime
Maximum length of linear-code vector operations. 
MaximumDesiredSizeint20000Runtime
Maximum desired size of the compiler graph in nodes. 
MaximumEscapeAnalysisArrayLengthint128Runtime
The maximum length of an array that will be escape analyzed. 
MaximumHeapSizePercentint80Runtime
The maximum heap size as percent of physical memory. Serial and epsilon GC only. 
MaximumInliningSizeint300Runtime
Inlining is explored up to this number of nodes in the graph for each call site. 
MaximumLoopExplosionCountint10000Runtime
Max number of loop explosions per method. 
MaximumRecursiveInliningint5Runtime
Maximum level of recursive inlining. 
MaximumTransitiveEnabledPullFactorint2Runtime
PullThroughPhiOptimization: Maximum number of algorithm iterations per optimization invocation. 
MaximumYoungGenerationSizePercentint10Runtime
The maximum size of the young generation as a percentage of the maximum heap size. Serial and epsilon GC only. 
MegamorphicInliningMinMethodProbabilitydouble0.33Runtime
Minimum probability for methods to be inlined for megamorphic type profiles.
MemUseTrackersStringNoneRuntime
Comma separated names of memory usage trackers that are enabled irrespective of the value for TrackMemUse option. An 
empty value enables all memory usage trackers unconditionally.
MethodFilterRootOnlyboolfalseRuntime
Only check MethodFilter against the root method in the context if true, otherwise check all methods.
MethodFilterStringNone [Extra help available]Runtime
Pattern for matching methods. The syntax for a pattern is:.
MethodInlineBailoutLimitint5000Runtime
Per-compilation method inlining exploration limit before giving up (use 0 to disable). 
MethodString"main"Hosted
Name of the main entry point method. Optional if --shared is used. 
MetricsFileStringNone [Extra help available]Runtime
File to which metrics are dumped per compilation.
MidTierInversionbooltrueRuntime
MidTierPartialUnrollingbooltrueRuntime
Enable EE partial unrolling in mid tier.
MinBlockFrequencyPulldouble0.66Runtime
PullThroughPhiOptimization: Ignore low frequency branches during duplication. 
MinCallingContextDepthint0Runtime
The minimum length of the methods context chains. 
MinHeapContextDepthint0Runtime
The minimum length of the context used to model a heap object in addition to the allocation site; used only when 
ContextSensitiveHeap is enabled.
MinHeapDeltaBytesint172032Runtime
The minimum change in heap space due to GC (in bytes). G1 GC only. 
MinHeapFreeRatioint40Runtime
The minimum percentage of heap free after GC to avoid expansion. G1 GC only. 
MinHeapSizeint0Runtime
The minimum heap size at run-time, in bytes. 
MinPolymorphicDispatchProbabilitydouble0.1Runtime
The minimum probability for using a dispatch in guarded polymorphic inlining. 
MinRAMPercentagedouble50.0Runtime
Minimum percentage of real memory used for maximum heap size on systems with small physical memory size. G1 GC only. 
MinTLABSizeint2048Runtime
Minimum allowed TLAB size (in bytes). G1 GC only. 
MinifyInvertedPhisbooltrueRuntime
Break chained phis.
MinimalBulkZeroingSizeint2048Runtime
If applicable, use bulk zeroing instructions when the zeroing size in bytes exceeds this threshold. 
MinimalGraphNodeSizeCheckSizeint1000Runtime
Minimal size in NodeSize to check the graph size increases of phases. 
MinimalRegionsbooltrueRuntime
Try to reduce duplication code size to the minimal amount of code.
MinimumBlindedConstantSizeint4Runtime
Minimum size (in bytes) of constants to blind. 
MinimumPeelFrequencydouble0.35Runtime
Module""Hosted
Module containing the class that contains the main entry point. Optional if --shared is used. 
MoveGuardsUpwardsbooltrueRuntime
Move guard nodes to earlier places in the dominator tree if all successors of basic block share a common guard 
condition.
MultiExitCostFactorSinkint2Runtime
Cost/Benefit heuristic for EE unrolling: If a loop has multiple exits, cost is increased by this value for every sinking 
loop exit.
MultiExitCostFactorint32Runtime
Cost/Benefit heuristic for EE unrolling: If a loop has multiple exits, cost is increased by this value for every 
none-sinking loop exit.
MultiThreadedbooltrueHosted
Enable support for threads and and thread-local variables (disable for single-threaded implementation).
NDCVint0Runtime
Run level for NoDeadCodeVerifyHandler (0 = off, 1 = info, 2 = verbose, 3 = fatal). 
Name""Hosted
Name of the output file to be generated. 
NativeArchitectureboolfalseHosted
Overrides CPUFeatures and uses the native architecture, i.e., the architecture of a machine that builds an image. 
NativeArchitecture takes precedence over CPUFeatures.
NativeLinkerOptionString*Hosted
Pass the provided raw option that will be appended to the linker command to produce the final binary. The possible 
options are platform specific and passed through without any validation.
NeverInlineString*Hosted
Pattern for disabling inlining of methods during image generation. [Extra help available] 
NewCAPCacheboolfalseHosted
Create a C Annotation Processor Cache. Will erase any previous cache at that same location.
NewRatioint2Runtime
Ratio of old/new generation sizes. G1 GC only. 
NewSizeint1048576Runtime
Initial new generation size (in bytes). G1 GC only. 
NodeCountersboolfalseRuntime
Counts the number of instances of each node class.
NonCountedStripMinedBenefitBoostint64Runtime
Benefit boost for strip mined non counted loops. 
NonCountedStripMiningBudgetdouble0.1Runtime
Code size budget of the non-counted strip mining transformation in terms of NodeCostSize. 
NonCountedStripMiningForceStripAllboolfalseRuntime
Force non-counted strip mining for all loops (also counted ones), test flag only.
NonCountedStripMiningIgnoreSmallLoopsbooltrueRuntime
Ignore small loops from strip mining, the iv overhead can cause slowdowns.
NonCountedStripMiningInnerLoopTripsint-1Runtime
The max number of iterations the counted inner loop takes. If -1, the frequency of the loop will be used to derive an 
inner frequency.
NonCountedStripMiningMaximumInnerLoopTripsint8192Runtime
If NonCountedStripMiningInnerLoopTrips == -1: Maximum loop trips for strip mined non-counted loops.
NonCountedStripMiningMinFrequencydouble16.0Runtime
Minimal loop frequency to consider a non-counted loop for strip mining. 
NonCountedStripMiningMinimumInnerLoopTripsint512Runtime
If NonCountedStripMiningInnerLoopTrips == -1: Minimum loop trips for strip mined non-counted loops.
NonCountedStripMiningReuseIVsbooltrueRuntime
Try to reuse pre-existing induction variables inside non-counted loops for the strip-mined loop's exit check.
NumberOfAnalysisThreadsint-1Hosted
The number of threads to use for analysis during native image generation. The number must be smaller than the 
NumberOfThreads.
NumberOfThreadsint8Hosted
The maximum number of threads to use concurrently during native image generation. 
ObjdumpExecutablesStringNoneRuntime
Comma separated list of candidate GNU objdump executables. If not specified, disassembling via GNU objdump is disabled. 
Otherwise, the first existing executable in the list is used.
ObjectInliningConfigurationFilesString*Hosted
Files describing Java fields that have value semantics.
ObjectInliningConfigurationResourcesString*Hosted
Resources describing Java fields that have value semantics.
ObjectInliningbooltrueHosted
Enable object inlining.
OldPLABSizeint1024Runtime
Size of old gen promotion LAB's (in HeapWords). G1 GC only. 
OldSizeint5242880Runtime
Initial tenured generation size (in bytes). G1 GC only. 
OmitHotExceptionStacktraceboolfalseRuntime
OmitInlinedMethodDebugLineInfobooltrueHosted
Omit generation of DebugLineInfo originating from inlined methods.
OptAssumptionsbooltrueRuntime
OptBulkAllocationbooltrueRuntime
OptCompressedFrameStateValuesbooltrueRuntime
OptConditionalMovesbooltrueRuntime
Optimize simple if branches with conditional moves.
OptConvertDeoptsToGuardsbooltrueRuntime
OptDeDuplicationbooltrueRuntime
OptDeoptimizationGroupingbooltrueRuntime
OptDevirtualizeInvokesOptimisticallybooltrueRuntime
OptDuplicationbooltrueRuntime
OptEarlyReadEliminationbooltrueRuntime
OptEliminateGuardsbooltrueRuntime
OptExactArithmeticbooltrueRuntime
OptFastMonitorExitbooltrueRuntime
Straighten monitor enter/exit paths through duplication.
OptFloatingReadsbooltrueRuntime
OptGuardRangeGroupingbooltrueRuntime
OptImplicitNullChecksbooltrueRuntime
OptInlineImageHeapConstantsbooltrueHosted
Optimize address operations that involve image heap constants.
OptLockEliminationbooltrueRuntime
OptLoopPhiStampsbooltrueRuntime
Inject stamps on induction variables.
OptPropagateEqualitybooltrueRuntime
Propagate equality into dominated nodes.
OptPullThroughPhibooltrueRuntime
OptReadEliminationbooltrueRuntime
OptScheduleOutOfLoopsbooltrueRuntime
OptStaticFinalFieldFoldingbooltrueHosted
Optimize static final fields that get a constant assigned in the class initializer.
OptStringConcatDumpUnhandledboolfalseRuntime
Dump graphs to help debug operation.
OptStringConcatDumpboolfalseRuntime
Dump graphs to help debug operation.
OptStringConcatbooltrueRuntime
Optimize StringBuilder construction.
OptWriteBarrierEliminationbooltrueRuntime
Eliminate redundant write barriers.
OptWriteMotionboolfalseRuntime
Perform write sinking.
OptimisticAliasingAnalysisbooltrueRuntime
OptimizeLoopAccessesbooltrueRuntime
Enable access node optimizations for loops.
Optimizeint"2"Hosted
Control native-image code optimizations: b - optimize for shortest build time, 0 - no optimizations, 1 - basic 
optimizations, 2 - aggressive optimizations.
OutlineAllocationsbooltrueHosted
Outline allocations into factory methods.
OutlineIndyStringConcatenationsbooltrueHosted
Outline string concatenation operations represented by invoke dynamic (indy) calls.
OutlineStringBufferAppendsbooltrueHosted
Attempt to outline sequences of StringBuffer.append() operations.
OutlineStringBuilderAppendsbooltrueHosted
Attempt to outline sequences of StringBuilder.append() operations.
PGOContextSensitivityEnabledbooltrueHosted
Enables context sensitivity in PGO.
PGOEnabledString*Hosted
A comma-separated list of files from which to read the data collected for profile-guided optimization of AOT compiled 
code (reads from default.iprof if nothing is specified). Each file must contain a single PGOProfiles object, serialized
in JSON format, optionally compressed by gzip. .
PGOPointRequiredHitCountint0Hosted
Lower bound for point hit count when compared to collected profiles. It is used for testing. 
PGOPrintStatisticsboolfalseHosted
Print hit, miss and partial match counts after comparison with collected profiles. It is used for testing.
PLABWeightint75Runtime
Percentage (0-100) used to weight the current sample when computing exponentially decaying average for ResizePLAB. G1 GC 
only.
PageSizeint0Hosted
Define PageSize of a machine that runs the image. The default = 0 (== same as host machine page size). 
ParGCArrayScanChunkint50Runtime
Scan a subset of object array and push remainder, if array is bigger than this. G1 GC only. 
ParallelGCBufferWastePctint10Runtime
Wasted fraction of parallel allocation buffer. G1 GC only. 
ParallelGCThreadsint0Runtime
Number of parallel threads G1 will use. 
ParallelRefProcBalancingEnabledbooltrueRuntime
Enable balancing of reference processing queues. G1 GC only.
ParallelRefProcEnabledboolfalseRuntime
Enable parallel reference processing whenever possible. G1 GC only.
ParseOncebooltrueHosted
When true, compiler graphs are parsed only once before static analysis. When false, compiler graphs are parsed for 
static analysis and again for AOT compilation.
ParseRuntimeOptionsbooltrueHosted
Parse and consume standard options and system properties from the command line arguments when the VM is created.
PartialEscapeAnalysisbooltrueRuntime
PartialRedundancyEliminationbooltrueRuntime
Enable partial redundancy elimination.
PartialUnrollCostReductionFactorHighTierint2Runtime
Cost/Benefit heuristic for EE unrolling in high tier: reduce cost by a constant factor when comparing with relative
benefit.
PartialUnrollCostReductionFactorMidTierint8Runtime
Cost/Benefit heuristic for EE unrolling in mid tier: reduce cost by a constant factor when comparing with relative 
benefit.
PartialUnrollMaxIterationsHighTierint4Runtime
Maximum number of iterations to unroll for a high tier main loop. 
PartialUnrollMaxIterationsMidTierint16Runtime
Maximum number of iterations to unroll for a mid tier main loop. 
PartialUnrollMaxSizeHighTierint256Runtime
Maximum node cost size of a loop to be considered for high tier unrolling. 
PartialUnrollMaxSizeMidTierint256Runtime
Maximum node cost size of a loop to be considered for mid tier tier unrolling. 
PartialUnrollMinFrequencyint4Runtime
Minimal loop frequency to consider a loop for partial unrolling. 
PartialUnrollbooltrueRuntime
PathProfileCutThresholdint10Runtime
The limit on the number of paths at control-flow merges. Decreasing this value reduces the number of paths, but also 
shortens them.
PathProfileDumpFileStringNoneRuntime
Dump information for path profile (null or file name). If set to null, then dumping is disabled.
PathProfileFrequentThresholdint500Runtime
Maximum acceptable number of paths coming from the inbound of a merge if both of them are frequent. 
PathProfileGlobalLowFrequencyRatiodouble0.1Runtime
If some block's relative frequency drops below this number times the maximum relative frequency in the graph, then the 
block is considered infrequent.
PathProfileLocalLowFrequencyRatiodouble10.0Runtime
If the ratio of the merge's frequency with its inbound's frequency is greater than this threshold, then the inbound is 
considered infrequent.
PathProfileMaxTotalCountersint4000000Runtime
Maximum number of counters to use in path profiling for all instrumented methods. 
PathProfilePolicyStringNoneRuntime
Enable or disable the path-profiling algorithm. If it enables it, it also allows to select which mode to execute. 
PathProfileRegenerateboolfalseRuntime
Controls whether the path-regeneration algorithm is executed.
PathStringNoneHosted
Directory of the image file to be generated.
PeelALotboolfalseRuntime
PeelFoldFactorint120Runtime
PeelingConsideredMinLoopIterationsdouble1.5Runtime
Minimal loop body iterations necessary to consider peeling. 
PeelingConsideredMinRelativeFrequencydouble4.0Runtime
Minimal relative frequency of loop begin necessary to consider peeling. 
PeelingHighTierCostReductionFactordouble64.0Runtime
Cost/Benefit heuristic for EE simulation-based loop peeling in high tier: reduce cost by a constant factor when 
comparing with relative benefit.
PeelingMidTierCostReductionFactordouble8.0Runtime
Cost/Benefit heuristic for EE simulation-based loop peeling in mid tier: reduce cost by a constant factor when comparing 
with relative benefit.
PenalizeComplexLoopControlFlowbooltrueRuntime
Increase the cost of duplicating control flow splits inside loops if they are not foldable.The generally tend to 
complicate control flow and generate worse code in the backend.
PercentTimeInIncrementalCollectionint50Runtime
Percentage of total collection time that should be spent on young generation collections. Serial GC with collection 
policy 'BySpaceAndTime' only.
PerfDataMemoryMappedFilebooltrueHosted
Determines if the collected performance data should be written to a memory-mapped file so that it can be accessed by 
external tools.
PerfDataMemorySizeint32768Runtime
Size of performance data memory region. Will be rounded up to a multiple of the native os page size. 
PerfDataSamplingIntervalint200Runtime
Jvmstat instrumentation sampling interval (in milliseconds). 
PerfMaxStringConstLengthint1024Runtime
Maximum PerfStringConstant string length before truncation. 
PhiMinificationMinimalLoopFrequencydouble2.0Runtime
Minimal loop frequency to consider a loop for inverted phi minifaction. 
PlatformInterfaceCompatibilityModeboolfalseHosted
Enable the behavior of old GraalVM versions. When enabled, interfaces not available for the current platform are 
filtered.
PreTouchParallelChunkSizeint1073741824Runtime
Per-thread chunk size for parallel memory pre-touch. G1 GC only. 
PredefinedClassesConfigurationFilesString*Hosted
Files describing predefined classes that can be loaded at runtime.
PredefinedClassesConfigurationResourcesString*Hosted
Resources describing predefined classes that can be loaded at runtime.
PreferContainerQuotaForCPUCountbooltrueRuntime
Calculate the container CPU availability based on the value of quotas (if set), when true. Otherwise, use the CPU shares 
value, provided it is less than quota.
PrefetchCopyIntervalInBytesint-1Runtime
How far ahead to prefetch destination area (<= 0 means off). G1 GC only. 
PrefetchScanIntervalInBytesint-1Runtime
How far ahead to prefetch scan area (<= 0 means off). G1 GC only. 
PreserveFramePointerboolfalseHosted
Saves stack base pointer on the stack on method entry.
PreventStringValueEscapingbooltrueHosted
Determines if aggressive method inlining should be used to prevent escaping of String.value.
PrintAOTCompilationboolfalseHosted
Print logging information during compilation.
PrintAnalysisCallTreeTypeStringTXTRuntime
Change the output format of the analysis call tree, available options are TXT and CSV. See: Reports.md. 
PrintAnalysisCallTreeboolfalseRuntime
Print analysis call tree, a breadth-first tree reduction of the call graph.
PrintAnalysisStatisticsboolfalseRuntime
Print analysis results statistics.
PrintBBInfoboolfalseRuntime
Enables dumping of basic blocks relative PC and frequencies in the dump directory.
PrintBackendCFGboolfalseRuntime
Enable dumping scheduled HIR, LIR, register allocation and code generation info to the C1Visualizer.
PrintBlockMappingboolfalseRuntime
Enable dumping CFG built during initial BciBlockMapping.
PrintCallEdgesboolfalseRuntime
Print call edges with other analysis results statistics.
PrintCanonicalGraphStringFlavorint0Runtime
Choose format used when dumping canonical text for graphs: 0 gives a scheduled graph (better for spotting changes 
involving the schedule) while 1 gives a CFG containing expressions rooted at fixed nodes (better for spotting small
structure differences).
PrintCanonicalGraphStringsboolfalseRuntime
Enable dumping canonical text from for graphs.
PrintClassInitializationboolfalseHosted
Prints class initialization info for all classes detected by analysis.
PrintCompilationboolfalseRuntime
Print an informational line to the console for each completed compilation.
PrintDetailedAllocationProfilingbooltrueRuntime
Print detailed information for each allocation site.
PrintFeaturesboolfalseHosted
Print a list of active features.
PrintFlagsWithExtraHelpStringNoneRuntime
Print extra help, if available, based on comma-separated option names. Pass * to show all options that contain extra 
help.
PrintFlagsStringNoneRuntime
Show available options based on comma-separated option-types (allowed categories: User, Expert, Debug).
PrintGCSummaryboolfalseRuntime
Print summary GC information after application main method returns. Serial GC only.
PrintGCTimeStampsboolfalseRuntime
Print a time stamp at each collection, if +PrintGC or +VerboseGC. Serial GC only.
PrintGCTimesboolfalseRuntime
Print the time for each of the phases of each collection, if +VerboseGC. Serial GC only.
PrintGCboolfalseRuntime
Print summary GC information after each collection.
PrintGraphFilebooltrueRuntime
Setting to true sets PrintGraph=file, setting to false sets PrintGraph=network.
PrintGraphHostdouble"127.0.0.1"Runtime
Host part of the address to which graphs are dumped. 
PrintGraphPortint4445Runtime
Port part of the address to which graphs are dumped in binary format. 
PrintGraphStateDiffboolfalseRuntime
Prints the difference in the graph state caused by each phase of the suite.
PrintGraphWithScheduleboolfalseRuntime
Schedule graphs as they are dumped.
PrintGraphStringFileRuntime
Where IdealGraphVisualizer graph dumps triggered by Dump or DumpOnError should be written. [Extra help available] 
PrintHeapHistogramboolfalseHosted
Print class statistics of native image heap.
PrintHeapShapeboolfalseRuntime
Print the shape of the heap before and after each collection, if +VerboseGC. Serial GC only.
PrintIRWithLIRboolfalseRuntime
Print HIR along side LIR as the latter is generated.
PrintImageElementSizesboolfalseHosted
Print the sizes of the elements of the built image.
PrintImageHeapPartitionSizesboolfalseHosted
Print the sizes of the native image heap as the image is built.
PrintImageObjectTreeboolfalseRuntime
Print image object hierarchy.
PrintJNIMethodsboolfalseHosted
Print JNI methods added to generated image.
PrintLIRWithAssemblyboolfalseRuntime
Include the LIR as comments with the final assembly.
PrintMethodHistogramboolfalseHosted
Print statistics of methods in native image heap.
PrintOutlinedSBMethodMetricsboolfalseHosted
Print histogram and metrics about the OutlinedSBMethods created.
PrintPointsToStatisticsboolfalseRuntime
Report analysis statistics.
PrintProfilingInformationboolfalseRuntime
Print profiling information when parsing a method's bytecode.
PrintRestrictHeapAccessPathbooltrueHosted
Print path for @RestrictHeapAccess warnings.
PrintRestrictHeapAccessWarningsbooltrueHosted
Print warnings for @RestrictHeapAccess annotations.
PrintRuntimeCompileMethodsboolfalseHosted
Print call tree of methods available for runtime compilation.
PrintSBOutliningCountersboolfalseHosted
Print counters collected while attempting to outline sequences of StringBuffer and StringBuilder operations.
PrintStaticTruffleBoundariesboolfalseHosted
Print truffle boundaries found during the analysis.
PrintSynchronizedAnalysisboolfalseRuntime
Print types used for Java synchronization.
PrintUninterruptibleCalleeDOTGraphboolfalseHosted
Print (to stderr) a DOT graph of the @Uninterruptible annotations.
PrintUniverseboolfalseHosted
Print information about classes, methods, and fields that are present in the native image.
PrintUnmodifiedGraphsbooltrueRuntime
Dump a graph even if it has not changed since it was last dumped. Change detection is based on adding and deleting 
nodes or changing inputs.
PriorityInliningPolicy""Runtime
The policy to use, must be empty for automatic resolution. 
PriorityInliningTuningPolicyString"DomainSpecific"Runtime
Comma-separated list of analysis policies for exploring the methods in the call graph and for inlining, empty for no
policy.
ProfileAllocationsContextStringAllocatingMethodRuntime
Control the naming and granularity of the counters when using ProfileAllocations. [Extra help available]
ProfileAllocationsboolfalseRuntime
Enable profiling of allocation sites.
ProfileAnalysisOperationsboolfalseRuntime
Track the progress of the static analysis.
ProfileCompiledMethodsboolfalseRuntime
ProfileConstantObjectsboolfalseRuntime
Track the creation of constant objects.
ProfileDeoptimizationboolfalseHosted
Print logging information during object file writing.
ProfileInferenceFeatureExtractionboolfalseHosted
Extract profile inference compilation features in the GraalVM Native Image.
ProfileInferenceMethodFilter"*"Runtime
Restrict profile inference to methods matching the regex (a list of comma separated, optionally negated filter 
patterns).
ProfileInferenceboolfalseHosted
Infer profiles in the GraalVM Native Image.
ProfileLockEliminationboolfalseRuntime
ProfileMonitorsboolfalseRuntime
Enable profiling of monitor operations.
ProfileOptBulkAllocationboolfalseRuntime
ProfileSelfTimebooltrueRuntime
Excludes time spent in invoked methods; measures total time including subcalls when turned off.
ProfilesDumpFileString"default.iprof"Runtime
Value should point to a profile dump file. 
ProfilingDumpPeriodint-1Runtime
Integer greater than zero representing the duration in seconds that will be used to trigger a profile capture. Any 
integer less than one disables periodic dumps.
ProfilingDumpVerboseboolfalseRuntime
Emit a message to stderr after dumping a profile.
ProfilingEnabledboolfalseHosted
Instrument AOT compiled code to collect data for profile-guided optimization into default.iprof file.
ProfilingPathVerifyboolfalseHosted
Collect profiling counters, and verify that they match the path-profile counters.
ProfilingPathboolfalseHosted
Replace profiling counters with path-profiling counters.
PropagateEqualityDepthint6Runtime
Maximum depth of dependency when propagating equals property. 
ProtectionKeysboolfalseHosted
Enable support for Memory Protection Keys.
PruneLargeDominatorUsageTreesbooltrueRuntime
PullThroughPhiCodeSizeIncreasedouble0.1Runtime
PullThroughPhiOptimization: Percentage in node cost graph size for the floating node duplication budget. Computed 
relative to the method's graph size.
QueryCodeDir""Hosted
Directory where query code for target platform should be output. 
QueuedAllocationWarningCountint0Runtime
Number of times an allocation that queues behind a GC will retry before printing a warning. G1 GC only. 
RawConditionalEliminationbooltrueRuntime
ReadEliminationMaxLoopVisitsint5Runtime
ReadProxySchedulingStrategyStringLATEST_OUT_OF_LOOPSRuntime
Chose the scheduling strategy for inserting the read proxies.
ReassociateExpressionsbooltrueRuntime
Re-associate loop invariants and constants.
ReduceDCEbooltrueRuntime
Disable optional dead code eliminations.
RefDiscoveryPolicyint0Runtime
Select type of reference discovery policy: reference-based(0) or referent-based(1). G1 GC only. 
ReflectionConfigurationFilesString*Hosted
One or several (comma-separated) paths to JSON files that specify which program elements should be made available via 
reflection. [Extra help available]
ReflectionConfigurationResourcesString*Hosted
Resources describing program elements to be made available for reflection (see ReflectionConfigurationFiles).
ReflectionPluginTracingboolfalseHosted
Enable trace logging for reflection plugins.
RegisterPressureStringNoneRuntime
Comma separated list of registers that register allocation is limited to.
RelativeBenefitInliningCoefficientdouble0.001Runtime
The coefficient used to compute the inlining threshold; the higher, the hard to inline. 
RelaxTypeFlowStateConstraintsbooltrueRuntime
Allow a type flow state to contain types not compatible with its declared type.
RemoveNeverExecutedCodebooltrueRuntime
RemoveSaturatedTypeFlowsbooltrueRuntime
Enable the type flow saturation analysis performance optimization.
RemoveUnusedSymbolsbooltrueHosted
Use linker option to prevent unreferenced symbols in image.
ReplaceInputsWithConstantsBasedOnStampsbooltrueRuntime
ReportAnalysisForbiddenTypeString*Hosted
Report error if [:{,}] is discovered during analysis (valid values for UsageKind: 
InHeap, Allocated, Reachable).
ReportExceptionStackTracesboolfalseHosted
Show exception stack traces for exceptions during image building.).
ReportPerformedSubstitutionsboolfalseHosted
Report performed substitutions.
ReportUnsafeOffsetWarningsboolfalseHosted
Print unsafe operation offset warnings.).
ReportUnsupportedElementsAtRuntimeboolfalseHosted
Report usage of unsupported methods and fields at run time when they are accessed the first time, instead of as an error 
during image building.
ReservedAuxiliaryImageBytesint0Hosted
Size in bytes of an address space to reserve for auxiliary images. 
ResizePLABbooltrueRuntime
Dynamically resize (survivor space) promotion LAB's. G1 GC only.
ResizeTLABbooltrueRuntime
Dynamically resize TLAB size for threads. G1 GC only.
ResourceConfigurationFilesString*Hosted
Files describing Java resources to be included in the image. 
ResourceConfigurationResourcesString*Hosted
Resources describing Java resources to be included in the image. 
RespectVectorizationbooltrueRuntime
Try avoid unrolling vectorizable loops.
ReturnAfterAnalysisboolfalseHosted
Return after analysis.
RewriteStripMinedCounterTo32BitbooltrueRuntime
Rewrite the counter of a strip mined loop to have a 32bit type.
RotateNonLeafLoopsboolfalseRuntime
RotationMinLocalFrequencydouble2.0Runtime
Minimal loop frequency for a loop to be considered for rotation. 
RotationMinRelativeFrequencydouble1.0Runtime
Minimal relative frequency for a loop to be considered for rotation. 
RunMainInNewThreadboolfalseHosted
Initializes and runs main entry point in a new native thread.
RunReachabilityHandlersConcurrentlybooltrueHosted
Run reachability handlers concurrently during analysis.
RuntimeAssertionsString*Hosted
Enable or disable Java assert statements at run time. 
RuntimeCheckedCPUFeaturesString*Hosted
Comma separated list of CPU features that will be enabled for runtime checks. The native image may check at run time if 
such features are supported by the target CPU, and can optimize certain operations based on this information. If a
feature is not supported at run time, a less optimized variant will be executed. Because of the presence of multiple
code variants, enabling runtime features can result in larger executables. To completely turn off runtime checked CPU
features, set this option to the empty string. The specific options available are target platform dependent. See
--list-cpu-features for feature list. The default values are: AMD64: 'AVX,AVX2'; AArch64: ''.
RuntimeDebugInfoboolfalseHosted
Provide debuginfo for runtime-compiled code.
RuntimeSourceDestDirStringNoneRuntime
Directory where Java source-files will be placed for the debugger.
RuntimeSystemAssertionsboolfalseHosted
Enable or disable Java system assertions at run time.
SIMDArithmeticReduceMinLengthint16Runtime
Minimum vector length for matching SIMD arithmetic reduce patterns. 
SIMDVectorizationDirectLoadStoreboolfalseRuntime
Allow SIMDVectorization to vectorize load to store opportunities when there are no matching SIMD operations between load 
and store.
SIMDVectorizationSingletonsboolfalseRuntime
Enable matching of singleton groups to increase corner-case matching.
SIMDVectorizationVolatileLoadsboolfalseRuntime
Allow load grouping to include grouping of volatile loads. Note currently this may generate incorrect results.
SIMDVectorizationVolatileWritesboolfalseRuntime
Allow store grouping to include grouping of volatile writes. Note currently this may generate incorrect results.
SIMDVectorizationWindowSizeint4Runtime
Set the number of dominating and dominated blocks scanned per block. 
SafepointCheckInEpiloguebooltrueHosted
Check for safepoints in method epilogue.
SafepointPromptnessFailureNanosint0Runtime
Exit the VM if I can not come to a safepoint in this many nanoseconds. 0 implies forever. 
SafepointPromptnessWarningNanosint0Runtime
Print a warning if I can not come to a safepoint in this many nanoseconds. 0 implies forever. 
SamplingBasedProfilingboolfalseRuntime
Allow sampling-based profiling.
SamplingCollectboolfalseHosted
Perform profiling by sampling the AOT compiled code to collect data for profile-guided optimization.
SamplingCompilationUnitViewboolfalseHosted
Dump gathered samples in a flame-graph-friendly output file - ignoring inlined methods.
SamplingJavaViewboolfalseHosted
Dump gathered samples in a flame-graph-friendly output file.
SamplingNoBciViewboolfalseHosted
Dump gathered samples in a flame-graph-friendly output file - ignoring BCI.
ScanObjectsParallelbooltrueRuntime
Object scanning in parallel.
ScheduledDuplicationSimulationboolfalseRuntime
Simulation can either only process fixed nodes or schedule the graph and also process floating nodes.
SerializationConfigurationFilesString*Hosted
One or several (comma-separated) paths to JSON files that specify lists of serialization configurations. [Extra help 
available]
SerializationConfigurationResourcesString*Hosted
Resources describing program elements to be made available for serialization (see SerializationConfigurationFiles).
SerializationDenyConfigurationFilesString*Hosted
One or several (comma-separated) paths to JSON files that specify lists of serialization configurations. [Extra help
available]
SerializationDenyConfigurationResourcesString*Hosted
Resources describing program elements that must not be made available for serialization.
ServiceLoaderFeatureExcludeServiceProvidersString*Hosted
Comma-separated list of service providers that should be excluded.
ServiceLoaderFeatureExcludeServicesString*Hosted
Comma-separated list of services that should be excluded.
SharedLibraryboolfalseHosted
Build shared library.
ShowConfigurationStringnoneRuntime
Writes to the VM log information about the compiler configuration selected. 
ShowDumpFilesboolfalseRuntime
Print the name of each dump file path as it's created.
ShowSubstitutionSourceInfoboolfalseRuntime
Controls whether the source position information of snippets and method substitutions are exposed to HotSpot. Can be 
useful when profiling to get more precise position information.
SimpleFastInflatedLockingbooltrueRuntime
Handle simple cases for inflated monitors in the fast-path.
SimulationBasedLoopPeelingbooltrueRuntime
Use DBDS algorithm to simulate the impact of peeling on a loop.
SimulationPruneUnlikelyBranchesbooltrueRuntime
Ignore low frequency branches during simulation.
SizeForIPEAFrequencyDecreaseint500Hosted
Size of the IR that forces a reduction in the number of IPEA runs made. 
SmallCompiledLowLevelGraphSizeint330Runtime
If the previous low-level graph size of the method exceeds the threshold, it is not inlined. 
SmallGraphDuplicationBudgetFactordouble1.0Runtime
See 'DuplicationBudgetFactor': for small graphs. 
SmallGraphSizeint2000Runtime
Node cost graph size for a graph to be considered 'small'. 
SmallRootIrPenaltyCoefficientdouble0.02Runtime
Reduces the likelihood of exploring call graphs with IR size much larger than the root. 
SnippetCountersboolfalseRuntime
Enable counters for various paths in snippets.
SoftRefLRUPolicyMSPerMBint1000Runtime
Number of milliseconds per MB of free space in the heap. G1 GC only. 
SourceLevelDebugFilterString*Hosted
Constrain debug info generation to the comma-separated list of package prefixes given to this option. 
SourceLevelDebugboolfalseHosted
Preserve the local variable information for every Java source line to allow line-by-line stepping in the debugger. Allow 
the lookup of Java-level method information, e.g., in stack traces.
SourceSearchPathString*Hosted
List of used-defined paths (separated by the system's path-separator character) in addition to automatic 
SourceSearchPath detection.
SpawnIsolatesboolHosted
Support multiple isolates. 
SpectrePHTBarriersStringNoneRuntime
Select a strategy to mitigate speculative bounds check bypass (aka Spectre-PHT or Spectre V1). [Extra help available] 
SpectrePHTIndexMaskingboolfalseRuntime
Mask indices to scope access to allocation size after bounds check.
SpeculativeGuardMovementbooltrueRuntime
Move loop invariant guards (e.g., array bounds checks) out of loops.
SpeculativeStoreCheckbooltrueRuntime
Speculates that arrays have exact type to optimize store checks.
StackOverflowCheckInProloguebooltrueHosted
Check for stack overflow in method prologue.
StackRedZoneSizeint8192Hosted
Size (in bytes) of the red zone reserved at the end of the stack. This stack space can only be used by critical VM code 
and C code, e.g., to report fatal errors.
StackSizeint0Runtime
The size of each thread stack at run-time, in bytes. 
StackTracebooltrueHosted
Provide method names for stack traces.
StackYellowZoneSizeint32768Hosted
Size (in bytes) of the yellow zone reserved at the end of the stack. This stack space is reserved for VM use and cannot 
be used by the application.
StartFlightRecording""Runtime
Start flight recording with options. 
StaticExecutableWithDynamicLibCboolfalseHosted
Builds a statically linked executable with libc dynamically linked.
StaticExecutableboolfalseHosted
Build statically linked executable (requires static libc and zlib).
StressExplicitExceptionCodeboolfalseRuntime
Stress the code emitting explicit exception throwing code.
StressInvokeWithExceptionNodeboolfalseRuntime
Stress the code emitting invokes with explicit exception edges.
StressTestEarlyReadsboolfalseRuntime
Stress the code by emitting reads at earliest instead of latest point.
StrictConfigurationboolfalseHosted
Causes unknown attributes in configuration objects to abort the image build instead of emitting a warning.
StrictDeoptInsertionChecksboolfalseRuntime
Perform checks that guards and deopts aren't introduced in graphs that should handle exceptions explicitly.
StrictQueryCodeCompilationbooltrueHosted
Use strict checks when performing query code compilation.
StringIndexOfConstantLimitint4096Runtime
String.indexOf invocations will be evaluated at compile time if the receiver is a constant and its length is smaller 
than this value.
StripDebugInfobooltrueHosted
Strip debug info from the image.
StripMineALotboolfalseRuntime
Force strip mining of all loops that can be strip mined.
StripMineCountedLoopsbooltrueRuntime
StripMineInvertedLoopsbooltrueRuntime
Strip mine inverted loops.
StripMineNonCountedLoopsbooltrueRuntime
SubstrateVirtualThreadsParallelismStringNoneHosted
For internal usage. Instead, use the equivalent property 'jdk.virtualThreadScheduler.parallelism' as specified by JEP 
425 Virtual Threads (Project Loom).
SupportCompileInIsolatesboolNoneHosted
Support runtime compilation in separate isolates (enable at runtime with option CompileInIsolates). 
SupportContinuationsboolfalseHosted
Support continuations (without requiring a Project Loom JDK).
SupportJsrBytecodesbooltrueRuntime
SupportOSRWithLocksbooltrueRuntime
Support OSR compilations with locks. If DeoptAfterOSR is true we can per definition not have unbalanced enter/exits 
mappings. If DeoptAfterOSR is false insert artificial monitor enters after the OSRStart to have balanced enter/exits in
the graph.
SupportPredefinedClassesbooltrueHosted
Enable support for predefining additional classes.
SupportRecurringCallbackbooltrueHosted
Support a per-thread timer that is called at a specific interval.
SuppressStderrboolfalseHosted
Suppress console error output for unittests.
SuppressStdoutboolfalseHosted
Suppress console normal output for unittests.
SurvivorRatioint8Runtime
Ratio of eden/survivor space size. G1 GC only. 
TLABAllocationWeightint35Runtime
Allocation averaging weight. G1 GC only. 
TLABRefillWasteFractionint64Runtime
Maximum TLAB waste at a refill (internal fragmentation). G1 GC only. 
TLABSizeint0Runtime
Starting TLAB size (in bytes); zero means set ergonomically. G1 GC only. 
TLABWasteIncrementint4Runtime
Increment allowed waste at slow allocation. G1 GC only. 
TLABWasteTargetPercentint1Runtime
Percentage of Eden that can be wasted. G1 GC only. 
TargetPLABWastePctint10Runtime
Target wasted space in last buffer as percent of overall allocation. G1 GC only. 
TargetPlatform""Hosted
Selects native-image compilation target (in - format). Defaults to host's OS-architecture pair. 
TargetSurvivorRatioint50Runtime
Desired percentage of survivor space used after scavenge. G1 GC only. 
TearDownFailureNanosint0Runtime
The number of nanoseconds before tearing down an isolate gives a failure message. 0 implies no message. 
TearDownWarningNanosint0Runtime
The number of nanoseconds before and between which tearing down an isolate gives a warning message. 0 implies no 
warning.
TempDirectory""Hosted
Directory for temporary files generated during native image generation. If this option is specified, the temporary files 
are not deleted so that you can inspect them after native image generation.
ThrowUnsafeOffsetErrorsbooltrueHosted
Throw unsafe operation offset errors.).
TimeStampProfilingboolfalseRuntime
Profile method execution time.
TimeStringNoneRuntime
Pattern for specifying scopes in which timing is enabled. See the Dump option for the pattern syntax. An empty value 
enables all timers unconditionally.
TimedDynamicCountersint-1Runtime
Turn on the benchmark counters, and displays the results every n milliseconds. 
TimersStringNoneRuntime
Comma separated names of timers that are enabled irrespective of the value for Time option. An empty value enables all 
timers unconditionally.
TraceAuxiliaryImageClassHistogramboolfalseRuntime
Enables detailed tracing of auxiliary image events.
TraceAuxiliaryImageReferenceTreeboolfalseRuntime
Enables detailed tracing of auxiliary image events.
TraceBytecodeParserLevelint0Runtime
The trace level for the bytecode parser. A value of 1 enables instruction tracing and any greater value emits a frame 
state trace just prior to each instruction trace.Instruction tracing output from multiple compiler threads will be
interleaved so use of this option make most sense for single threaded compilation. The MethodFilter option can be used
to refine tracing to selected methods.
TraceClassInitializationString*Hosted
Comma-separated list of fully-qualified class names that class initialization is traced for. 
TraceCodeCacheboolfalseRuntime
Print logging information for runtime code cache modifications.
TraceDeoptimizationDetailsboolfalseRuntime
Print verbose logging information for every deoptimization.
TraceDeoptimizationboolfalseRuntime
Print logging information for every deoptimization.
TraceEscapeAnalysisboolfalseRuntime
TraceExceptionHandlerStubboolfalseRuntime
Trace execution of stub used to handle an exception thrown by a callee.
TraceHeapChunksboolfalseRuntime
Trace heap chunks during collections, if +VerboseGC and +PrintHeapShape. Serial GC only.
TraceInlineDuringParsingboolfalseRuntime
Traces inlining performed during bytecode parsing.
TraceInliningForStubsAndSnippetsboolfalseRuntime
Enable inlining decision tracing in stubs and snippets.
TraceInliningboolfalseRuntime
Enable tracing of inlining decisions.
TraceLIRGeneratorLevelint0Runtime
The trace level for the LIR generator. 
TraceLocalizationFeatureboolfalseHosted
When enabled, localization feature details are printed.
TraceLoggingFeatureboolfalseHosted
When enabled, logging feature details are printed.
TraceMonitorsMethodFilterStringNoneRuntime
Trace monitor operations in methods whose fully qualified name contains this substring.
TraceMonitorsTypeFilterStringNoneRuntime
Trace monitor operations on objects whose type contains this substring.
TraceNativeToolUsageboolfalseHosted
Trace all native tool invocations as part of image building.
TraceObjectInstantiationString*Hosted
Comma-separated list of fully-qualified class names that object instantiation is traced for. 
TraceParserPluginsboolfalseRuntime
Traces use of plugins during bytecode parsing.
TraceSecurityServicesboolfalseHosted
Enable tracing of security services automatic registration.
TraceServiceLoaderFeatureboolfalseHosted
When enabled, each service loader resource and class will be printed out to standard output.
TraceUnwindStubboolfalseRuntime
Trace execution of the stub that routes an exception to a handler in the calling frame.
TraceVMOperationsboolfalseHosted
Trace VMOperation execution.
TrackAccessChainboolfalseRuntime
Track the callers for methods and accessing methods for fields.
TrackGraphSizesInDuplicationboolfalseRuntime
Enable (if Count is enabled) graph size tracking during every duplication iteration.
TrackIPEAStatisticsStringnoneRuntime
Track IPEA statistics in substratePriorityInliner. 
TrackInliningStatisticsStringnoneRuntime
Track inlining statistics (inlining duration, call tree size, compiler node counts, and the number of callsites). One 
of: none, interactive.
TrackInputFlowsboolfalseRuntime
Track the input for type flows.
TrackMemUseStringNoneRuntime
Pattern for specifying scopes in which memory use tracking is enabled. See the Dump option for the pattern syntax. An 
empty value enables all memory use trackers unconditionally.
TrackNodeInsertionboolfalseRuntime
Track source stack trace where a node was inserted into the graph.
TrackNodeSourcePositionboolfalseRuntime
Track the NodeSourcePosition.
TreatRuntimeCodeInfoReferencesAsWeakbooltrueHosted
Determines if references from runtime-compiled code to Java heap objects should be treated as strong or weak.
TrivialInliningSizeint10Runtime
Graphs with less than this number of nodes are trivial and therefore always inlined. 
TrivialLoopSizeLimitForPeelingdouble512.0Runtime
Loop peeling will consider any loop with a size (in terms of estimated machine instructions) below this value to be a 
prime candidate for peeling. Larger loops will only be considered for peeling if the simulated benefit of peeling is
relatively high. The larger the loop, the greater the expected benefit has to be.
TruffleCheckBlackListedMethodsbooltrueHosted
Fail if a method known as not suitable for partial evaluation is reachable for runtime compilation.
TruffleCheckBlockListMethodsbooltrueHosted
Fail if a method known as not suitable for partial evaluation is reachable for runtime compilation.
TruffleCheckFrameImplementationbooltrueHosted
Enforce that the Truffle runtime provides the only implementation of Frame.
TruffleCheckNeverPartOfCompilationbooltrueHosted
Check that CompilerAsserts.neverPartOfCompilation is not reachable for runtime compilation.
TruffleCompilerConfigurationStringNoneRuntime
Select a compiler configuration for Truffle compilation (default: use Graal system compiler configuration).
TruffleHostInliningBaseBudgetint5000Runtime
Maximum budget for Truffle host inlining for runtime compiled methods. 
TruffleHostInliningByteCodeInterpreterBudgetint100000Runtime
Maximum budget for Truffle host inlining for runtime compiled methods with a BytecodeInterpreterSwitch annotation.
TruffleHostInliningMaxExplorationDepthint1000Runtime
Determines the maximum call depth for exploration during host inlining.
TruffleHostInliningMaxSubtreeInvokesint20Runtime
Maximum number of subtree invokes for a subtree to get inlined until it is considered too complex. 
TruffleHostInliningPrintExploredboolfalseRuntime
When logging is activated for this phase enables printing of only explored, but ultimately not inlined call trees.
TruffleHostInliningbooltrueRuntime
Whether Truffle host inlining is enabled.
TruffleInlineDuringParsingbooltrueHosted
Inline trivial methods in Truffle graphs during native image generation.
TruffleMultiThreadedbooltrueHosted
Enable support for Truffle background compilation.
TrufflePropagateCompilationErrorsboolfalseHosted
Propagate Truffle compilation errors.
TrustFinalDefaultFieldsbooltrueRuntime
Determines whether to treat final fields with default values as constant.
TryExplodeOverPhisbooltrueRuntime
PullThroughPhiOptimization: Enable floating node duplication over multiple phi nodes at once.
TryPhiPhiPullsbooltrueRuntime
PullThroughPhiOptimization: Enable floating node duplication over phis where the target node has different phis as 
input.
TuneInlinerExplorationdouble0.0Runtime
Increases or decreases the time spent exploring inlining opportunities under the assumption that more time results in 
better peak performance and less time reduces time to reach (a lower) peak performance. The value of the option is
clamped between -1 and 1 inclusive. Anything below 0, reduces the exploration time and anything above 0 increases
exploration time. Note that this option is only a heuristic and should be tuned for any specific application.
TypeCheckMaxHintsint2Runtime
The maximum number of profiled types that will be used when compiling a profiled type check. Note that 
TypeCheckMinProfileHitProbability also influences whether profiling info is used in compiled type checks.
TypeCheckMinProfileHitProbabilitydouble0.5Runtime
If the probability that a type check will hit one the profiled types (up to TypeCheckMaxHints) is below this value, the 
type check will be compiled without profiling info.
TypeFlowPrinterInRadiusint0Runtime
How many levels of inputs to print. A value of 0 prints only the target flow. 
TypeFlowPrinterOutRadiusint0Runtime
How many levels of outputs to print. A value of 0 prints only the target flow. 
TypeFlowSaturationCutoffint20Runtime
The maximum number of types recorded in a type flow. -1 indicates no limitation. 
TypicalCallGraphSizeint200Runtime
Denotes the call graph size that is considered medium size. 
TypicalGraphSizeInvokeBonusint70Runtime
The increase in estimated typical graph size after inlining, per each extra invoke. 
TypicalGraphSizeMaxint15000Runtime
The maximum in estimated inlined typical graph size. 
TypicalGraphSizeint3250Runtime
The typical graph size at which inlining pressure must start growing. 
UnresolvedIsErrorbooltrueRuntime
Report unresolved elements as errors.
UnrollEmptyLoopsboolfalseRuntime
Unroll empty loops.
UnrollInvertedLoopsbooltrueRuntime
Unroll inverted (tail counted) loops.
UnrollMaxIterationsint16Runtime
UnrollMultiEndLoopsbooltrueRuntime
Unroll loops with multiple loop ends.
UnrollMultiExitLoopsbooltrueRuntime
Unroll loops with multiple loop exits.
UnsafeAutomaticSubstitutionsLogLevelint1Hosted
Unsafe automatic substitutions logging level: Disabled=0, Basic=1, Info=2, Debug=3.). 
UnsafeOffsetWarningsAreFatalboolfalseHosted
Print unsafe operation offset warnings.).
UseApplicationCodeSourceLocationboolfalseHosted
Return the application path as the Class.getProtectionDomain().getCodeSource().getLocation() for all classes that have 
no explicit ProtectionDomain.
UseBranchesWithin32ByteBoundaryboolfalseRuntime
Force branch instructions to align with 32-bytes boundary, to mitigate the jcc erratum. See 
https://www.intel.com/content/dam/support/us/en/documents/processors/mitigations-jump-conditional-code-erratum.pdf for
more details. If not set explicitly, the default value will be determined according to the CPU model.
UseCAPCacheboolfalseHosted
Indicate the C Annotation Processor to use previously cached native information when generating C Type information.
UseCalleeSavedRegistersbooltrueHosted
Use callee saved registers to reduce spilling for low-frequency calls to stubs (if callee saved registers are supported 
by the architecture).
UseCompilationStatisticsboolfalseRuntime
Enables CompilationStatistics.
UseCompressedFrameEncodingsbooltrueHosted
Use compressed frame encoding for frames without local values.
UseCompressedReferenceShiftbooltrueHosted
Use bit-shifting to enlarge the address range with narrow references.
UseCompressedReferencesbooltrueHosted
Use compressed references (32-bit instead of 64-bit references to Java objects).
UseContainerSupportbooltrueHosted
Enable detection and runtime container configuration support.
UseDedicatedVMOperationThreadboolfalseHosted
Determines if VM operations should be executed in a dedicated thread.
UseDirectCallTrampolinesALotboolfalseHosted
Force many trampolines to be needed for inter-method calls. Normally trampolines are only used when a method destination 
is outside the range of a pc-relative branch instruction.
UseDynamicNumberOfGCThreadsbooltrueRuntime
Dynamically choose the number of threads up to a maximum of ParallelGCThreads that G1 will use for garbage collection 
work.
UseEpsilonGCboolfalseHosted
Use a no-op GC.
UseExceptionProbabilitybooltrueRuntime
UseExperimentalReachabilityAnalysisboolfalseRuntime
Use experimental Reachability Analysis instead of points-to.
UseG1GCboolfalseHosted
Determines if the G1 garbage collector should be used.
UseGraphCachebooltrueRuntime
Turn on graph caching.
UseIPEAbooltrueHosted
Use InterproceduralPartialEscapeAnalysisPhase in priorityInliner.
UseImagebuildDebugSectionsboolfalseHosted
Emit debuginfo debug.svm.imagebuild.* sections with detailed image-build options.
UseInlinedPythonHelperStringNoneHosted
Embed python helper in binary.
UseLibCStringNoneHosted
Selects the libc implementation to use. Available implementations: glibc, musl, bionic.
UseLoopEndFrequenciesboolfalseRuntime
Derive loop frequencies only from backedge frequencies instead of from loop exit frequencies.
UseLoopLimitChecksbooltrueRuntime
UseMethodChecksbooltrueHosted
Perform method-based checks during inlining.
UseMonitorFastPathbooltrueHosted
Use thin locking fast path in snippets.
UseNewExperimentalClassInitializationboolfalseHosted
Use new class initialization strategy that allows all classes to be used at image build time.
UseNullRegionbooltrueHosted
Determines if a null region is present between the heap base and the image heap.
UsePartialEscapeSelectiveInliningboolfalseHosted
Use PartialEscapeSelectiveInliningPhase to give PartialEscape phase more opportunities.
UsePerfDatabooltrueRuntime
Flag to disable jvmstat instrumentation for performance testing.
UsePriorityInliningbooltrueRuntime
Use priority-based inlining.
UseReachabilityMethodSummariesboolfalseRuntime
Use method summaries for Reachability Analysis.
UseRememberedSetbooltrueHosted
Determines if a remembered sets is used, which is necessary for collecting the young and old generation independently.
UseSerialGCbooltrueHosted
Use a serial GC.
UseServiceLoaderFeaturebooltrueHosted
Automatically register services for run-time lookup using ServiceLoader.
UseSnippetGraphCachebooltrueRuntime
Use a cache for snippet graphs.
UseSnippetTemplateCachebooltrueRuntime
Use a LRU cache for snippet templates.
UseStringInliningboolfalseHosted
Determines if the string inlining optimization should be used.
UseTLABbooltrueHosted
Use thread-local object allocation. G1 GC only.
UseThinLockingbooltrueHosted
Use thin locking to optimize monitor operations.
UseTrappingNullChecksbooltrueRuntime
Use traps for null checks instead of explicit null-checks.
UseTypeCheckHintsbooltrueRuntime
UseTypedArgumentsbooltrueHosted
Use typed unboxed arguments for Truffle compilations.
UseTypedResultbooltrueHosted
Use typed unboxed return value for Truffle compilations.
UsedEdenProportionThresholddouble0.75Hosted
Ratio of used bytes to total allocated bytes for eden space. Setting it to a smaller value will trade more triggered 
hinted GCs for less resident set size.
VTuneAbsoluteFilenamesbooltrueRuntime
Use absolute path for source-filenames in VTune events.
VTunePath""Hosted
Path to VTune installation (usually /opt/intel/oneapi/vtune/latest/ or /opt/intel/vtune_amplifier). 
VectorFoldMinIterationsint4Runtime
Only generate SIMD loops for vector folds expected to iterate at least this many times. 
VectorIntrinsicsbooltrueRuntime
Enable vectorized array copy intrinsics.
VectorPolynomialIntrinsicsboolfalseRuntime
Enable vectorized polynomial intrinsics.
VectorUnrollint1Runtime
Unroll vectorized loops. 
VectorizationbooltrueRuntime
Enable vectorization.
VectorizeAllocationbooltrueRuntime
Enable vectorized array initialization.
VectorizeConditionalbooltrueRuntime
Enable vectorization of conditional code.
VectorizeDeoptsbooltrueRuntime
Enable vectorization of loops with conditional deopts before writes.
VectorizeFoldShapedbooltrueRuntime
Enable vectorization of loops implementing a higher-order 'fold' function.
VectorizeGatherbooltrueRuntime
Enable vectorization of vector gather operations.
VectorizeHashesbooltrueRuntime
Enable vectorization of hashCode patterns.
VectorizeIntegerMinMaxbooltrueRuntime
Enable vectorization of integer min/max operations.
VectorizeLoopsbooltrueRuntime
Enable vectorization of loops.
VectorizeMapShapedbooltrueRuntime
Enable vectorization of loops implementing a higher-order 'map' function.
VectorizeNegativeStridebooltrueRuntime
Enable vectorization of loops with negative strides.
VectorizeReachabilityFencesbooltrueRuntime
Enable vectorization of loops with reachability fences.
VectorizeSIMDbooltrueRuntime
Enable detection of SIMD patterns.
VectorizeSafepointsbooltrueRuntime
Enable vectorization of loops with safepoints.
VectorizeSequencebooltrueRuntime
Enable vectorization of sequence values.
VerboseGCboolfalseRuntime
Print more information about the heap before and after each collection.
VerifyAfterGCboolfalseRuntime
Verify memory system after GC. G1 GC only.
VerifyBalancedMonitorsboolfalseRuntime
Emit extra code to dynamically check monitor operations are balanced.
VerifyBeforeGCboolfalseRuntime
Verify memory system before GC. G1 GC only.
VerifyDeoptimizationEntryPointsboolfalseHosted
Verify that all possible deoptimization entry points have been properly compiled and registered in the metadata.
VerifyDuplicationOperationsboolfalseRuntime
VerifyDuringGCboolfalseRuntime
Verify memory system during GC (between phases). G1 GC only.
VerifyGCStartAtint0Runtime
GC invoke count where +VerifyHeap kicks in. G1 GC only. 
VerifyGraalGraphEdgesboolfalseRuntime
Perform expensive verification of graph inputs, usages, successors and predecessors.
VerifyGraalGraphsbooltrueRuntime
Verify graphs often during compilation when assertions are turned on.
VerifyGraalPhasesSizeboolfalseRuntime
Verify before - after relation of the relative, computed, code size of a graph.
VerifyHeapAtReturnboolfalseRuntime
Perform platform dependent validation of the Java heap at returns.
VerifyHeapboolfalseHosted
Verify the heap before and after each collection.
VerifyKillCFGUnusedNodesboolfalseRuntime
Verify that there are no new unused nodes when performing killCFG.
VerifyLoopVectorizationboolfalseRuntime
Run expensive checks to verify the graph after loop vectorization.
VerifyNamingConventionsboolfalseHosted
Verify naming conventions during image construction.
VerifyPhasePlanboolfalseRuntime
Verifies that the phase plan respects the phase ordering constraints.
VerifyPhasesboolfalseRuntime
VerifyReferencesbooltrueHosted
Verify all object references if VerifyHeap is enabled. Serial GC only.
VerifyRememberedSetbooltrueHosted
Verify the remembered set if VerifyHeap is enabled. Serial GC only.
VerifyRememberedSetsboolfalseRuntime
Verify GC remembered sets. G1 GC only.
VerifyTypesboolfalseHosted
Verify type states computed by the static analysis at run time. This is useful when diagnosing problems in the static 
analysis, but reduces peak performance significantly.
VerifyWriteBarrierEliminationboolfalseRuntime
Add code to verify that eliminated barriers weren't needed.
VerifyWriteBarriersboolfalseHosted
Verify write barriers. Serial GC only.
VerifyStringNoneRuntime
Pattern for specifying scopes in which logging is enabled. See the Dump option for the pattern syntax.
Virtualize""Hosted
Build the native image for a virtualized environment. The argument is a path to a JSON file that specifies the 
virtualized environment properties.
WarnMissingIntrinsicboolfalseRuntime
Print a warning when a missing intrinsic is seen.
WriteableCodeCacheboolfalseRuntime
Allocate code cache with write access, allowing inlining of objects.
YoungPLABSizeint4096Runtime
Size of young gen promotion LAB's (in HeapWords). G1 GC only. 
ZapChunksboolfalseHosted
Fill unused memory chunks with a sentinel value. Serial and epsilon GC only.
ZapConsumedHeapChunksboolfalseHosted
After use, Fill memory chunks with a sentinel value. Serial and epsilon GC only.
ZapProducedHeapChunksboolfalseHosted
Before use, fill memory chunks with a sentinel value. Serial and epsilon GC only.
ZapStackOnMethodEntryboolfalseRuntime
ZeroTLABboolfalseRuntime
Zero out the newly created TLAB. G1 GC only. Default: - (disabled).